polio
English
Etymology
First element of polio(myelitis).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpəʊljəʊ/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpoʊlioʊ/, /-ljoʊ/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊljəʊ
- Hyphenation: po‧lio
Noun
polio (countable and uncountable, plural polios)
- (uncountable) Abbreviation of poliomyelitis.
- (countable, informal) A person who has poliomyelitis.
- 1977, United States. Congress. House. Welfare Reform Subcommittee, Administration's Welfare Reform Proposal: Joint Hearings..., page 223:
- They don't need social service workers running back and forth every month or two to see if the polios are playing stickball in the street because they never will.
- 2008, Cynthia Comacchio, Janet Golden, George Weisz, Healing the World's Children, page 141:
- The “polios” (as they called themselves) in Warm Springs didn't deny the seriousness of their health issues or the impairments to their physiology. But their most critical struggle, they claimed, involved healing sorely wounded spirits.
Derived terms
Dutch
Etymology
Shortening of poliomyelitis. Perhaps borrowed from English polio.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpoː.li.oː/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: po‧lio
Noun
polio f (uncountable)
- polio, poliomyelitis [from ca. 1950s]
- Synonyms: kinderverlamming, poliomyelitis
Derived terms
- poliovaccin
Finnish
Etymology
From English polio, from German Poliomyelitis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpolio/, [ˈpo̞lio̞]
- Rhymes: -olio
- Syllabification(key): po‧li‧o
Declension
Inflection of polio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | polio | poliot | ||
genitive | polion | polioiden polioitten | ||
partitive | poliota | polioita | ||
illative | polioon | polioihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | polio | poliot | ||
accusative | nom. | polio | poliot | |
gen. | polion | |||
genitive | polion | polioiden polioitten | ||
partitive | poliota | polioita | ||
inessive | poliossa | polioissa | ||
elative | poliosta | polioista | ||
illative | polioon | polioihin | ||
adessive | poliolla | polioilla | ||
ablative | poliolta | polioilta | ||
allative | poliolle | polioille | ||
essive | poliona | polioina | ||
translative | polioksi | polioiksi | ||
abessive | poliotta | polioitta | ||
instructive | — | polioin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of polio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
- “polio”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ.ljo/
Audio (file)
Further reading
- “polio”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.ljo/
- Rhymes: -ɔljo
- Hyphenation: pò‧lio
Etymology 1
From [Teucrium] polium, from Late Latin polium, polion, from Ancient Greek πόλιον (pólion), from πολιός (poliós, “white, grey”).
Etymology 2
Clipping of poliomielite.
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpo.li.oː/, [ˈpɔlʲioː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpo.li.o/, [ˈpɔːlio]
Etymology 1
Of uncertain origin.[1]
Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to swing”), from the notion of fulling cloth by swinging and beating it. In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to swing, shake loose”). See also interpolō.
Another theory derives the word from an unattested adjective *polis, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₂-i, from *pelh₂- (“flat”), taking the word's original meaning as "to make flat and smooth".
Verb
poliō (present infinitive polīre, perfect active polīvī or poliī, supine polītum); fourth conjugation
Conjugation
Conjugation of poliō (fourth conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | poliō | polīs | polit | polīmus | polītis | poliunt |
imperfect | poliēbam | poliēbās | poliēbat | poliēbāmus | poliēbātis | poliēbant | |
future | poliam | poliēs | poliet | poliēmus | poliētis | polient | |
perfect | polīvī, poliī |
polīvistī, poliistī |
polīvit, poliit |
polīvimus, poliimus |
polīvistis, poliistis |
polīvērunt, polīvēre, poliērunt, poliēre | |
pluperfect | polīveram, polieram |
polīverās, polierās |
polīverat, polierat |
polīverāmus, polierāmus |
polīverātis, polierātis |
polīverant, polierant | |
future perfect | polīverō, polierō |
polīveris, polieris |
polīverit, polierit |
polīverimus, polierimus |
polīveritis, polieritis |
polīverint, polierint | |
passive | present | polior | polīris, polīre |
polītur | polīmur | polīminī | poliuntur |
imperfect | poliēbar | poliēbāris, poliēbāre |
poliēbātur | poliēbāmur | poliēbāminī | poliēbantur | |
future | poliar | poliēris, poliēre |
poliētur | poliēmur | poliēminī | polientur | |
perfect | polītus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | polītus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | polītus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | poliam | poliās | poliat | poliāmus | poliātis | poliant |
imperfect | polīrem | polīrēs | polīret | polīrēmus | polīrētis | polīrent | |
perfect | polīverim, polierim |
polīverīs, polierīs |
polīverit, polierit |
polīverīmus, polierīmus |
polīverītis, polierītis |
polīverint, polierint | |
pluperfect | polīvissem, poliissem |
polīvissēs, poliissēs |
polīvisset, poliisset |
polīvissēmus, poliissēmus |
polīvissētis, poliissētis |
polīvissent, poliissent | |
passive | present | poliar | poliāris, poliāre |
poliātur | poliāmur | poliāminī | poliantur |
imperfect | polīrer | polīrēris, polīrēre |
polīrētur | polīrēmur | polīrēminī | polīrentur | |
perfect | polītus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | polītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | polī | — | — | polīte | — |
future | — | polītō | polītō | — | polītōte | poliuntō | |
passive | present | — | polīre | — | — | polīminī | — |
future | — | polītor | polītor | — | — | poliuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | polīre | polīvisse, poliisse |
polītūrum esse | polīrī | polītum esse | polītum īrī | |
participles | poliēns | — | polītūrus | — | polītus | poliendus, poliundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
poliendī | poliendō | poliendum | poliendō | polītum | polītū |
Descendants
- Catalan: polir
- Danish: polere
- Dutch: polijsten
- Esperanto: poluri
- Friulian: pulî
- Galician: pulir, puír
- Hungarian: políroz
- Ido: polisar
- Interlingua: polir
- Italian: pulire, polire
- Norwegian Bokmål: polere
- Norwegian Nynorsk: polere
- Old French: polir
- French: polir
- → Middle English: polishen
- English: polish
- → Middle High German: polieren
- German: polieren
- → Russian: полирова́ть (polirovátʹ)
- Piedmontese: pulì
- Polish: polerować
- Portuguese: polir, puir
- Spanish: pulir, polir
- Swedish: polera
- Vulgar Latin: *politiāre
- Neapolitan: polezzare
- Sicilian: pulizziari
References
- “polio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “polio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- polio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- polio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “poliō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 476-7
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Lindu
Polish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.ljɔ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔljɔ
- Syllabification: po‧lio
Noun
polio n (indeclinable)
- (countable) polio, poliovirus (human enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family that causes poliomyelitis)
- Synonym: poliowirus
- (uncountable) polio, poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis (acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and sometimes deformity)
- Synonyms: choroba Heinego-Medina, heinemedina, porażenie dziecięce
Declension
Indeclinable
or
Serbo-Croatian
Spanish
Etymology
Clipping of poliomielitis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpoljo/ [ˈpo.ljo]
- Rhymes: -oljo
- Syllabification: po‧lio
Further reading
- “polio”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file)