includo

Italian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /inˈklu.do/
  • Rhymes: -udo
  • Hyphenation: in‧clù‧do

Verb

includo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of includere

Latin

Etymology

From in- +‎ claudō (“shut, end; imprison; restrict”).

Pronunciation

Verb

inclūdō (present infinitive inclūdere, perfect active inclūsī, supine inclūsum); third conjugation

  1. to shut up or in, confine, enclose, imprison, keep in
    Synonyms: retineō, intercludō, excludō, claudō, intersaepiō, urgeō, arceō, obserō
  2. to obstruct, restrain, hinder
    Synonyms: refrēnō, coerceō, saepiō, officiō, obstō, cohibeō, perimō, intersaepiō, retineō, obstruō, impediō, contineō, arceō, premō, comprimō, reprimō, supprimō, sustentō, moror
    Antonyms: līberō, eximō, absolvō, excipiō, exonerō, ēmittō
  3. to limit, control
    Synonyms: fīniō, līmitō, delīmitō, coerceō, claudō, moderor, minuō
  4. to close
    Synonyms: interclūdō, claudō, operiō, premō
    Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
  5. to finish, end
    Synonyms: perficiō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, perpetrō, nāvō, claudō, expleō, fungor, efficiō, patrō, exsequor, conclūdō, condō, trānsigō, peragō, gerō, exhauriō
  6. (figuratively) to include, enclose or insert something, incorporate
    Synonyms: complector, contineō, apprehendō, teneō, amplector

Conjugation
   Conjugation of inclūdō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present inclūdō inclūdis inclūdit inclūdimus inclūditis inclūdunt
imperfect inclūdēbam inclūdēbās inclūdēbat inclūdēbāmus inclūdēbātis inclūdēbant
future inclūdam inclūdēs inclūdet inclūdēmus inclūdētis inclūdent
perfect inclūsī inclūsistī inclūsit inclūsimus inclūsistis inclūsērunt,
inclūsēre
pluperfect inclūseram inclūserās inclūserat inclūserāmus inclūserātis inclūserant
future perfect inclūserō inclūseris inclūserit inclūserimus inclūseritis inclūserint
passive present inclūdor inclūderis,
inclūdere		 inclūditur inclūdimur inclūdiminī inclūduntur
imperfect inclūdēbar inclūdēbāris,
inclūdēbāre		 inclūdēbātur inclūdēbāmur inclūdēbāminī inclūdēbantur
future inclūdar inclūdēris,
inclūdēre		 inclūdētur inclūdēmur inclūdēminī inclūdentur
perfect inclūsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect inclūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect inclūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present inclūdam inclūdās inclūdat inclūdāmus inclūdātis inclūdant
imperfect inclūderem inclūderēs inclūderet inclūderēmus inclūderētis inclūderent
perfect inclūserim inclūserīs inclūserit inclūserīmus inclūserītis inclūserint
pluperfect inclūsissem inclūsissēs inclūsisset inclūsissēmus inclūsissētis inclūsissent
passive present inclūdar inclūdāris,
inclūdāre		 inclūdātur inclūdāmur inclūdāminī inclūdantur
imperfect inclūderer inclūderēris,
inclūderēre		 inclūderētur inclūderēmur inclūderēminī inclūderentur
perfect inclūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect inclūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — inclūde — — inclūdite —
future — inclūditō inclūditō — inclūditōte inclūduntō
passive present — inclūdere — — inclūdiminī —
future — inclūditor inclūditor — — inclūduntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives inclūdere inclūsisse inclūsūrum esse inclūdī inclūsum esse inclūsum īrī
participles inclūdēns — inclūsūrus — inclūsus inclūdendus,
inclūdundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
inclūdendī inclūdendō inclūdendum inclūdendō inclūsum inclūsū

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: ncljid
    • Romanian: închide
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Western Romance: (via a remodelled *inclaudere)
    • Gallo-Romance:
      • Catalan: encloure
      • Old French: enclore (see there for further descendants)
      • Occitan: enclaure
    • Ibero-Romance:
      • Galician: enchoer
  • Borrowings:

References
  • “includo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “includo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • includo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to interpolate, insert something: includere in orationem aliquid
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