claudo

From Proto-Italic *klaudō, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-de-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Old High German sliozan (“to close, conclude, lock”), Old Saxon slūtan (“to close, conclude, lock”).

• clūdō

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈklau̯.doː/, [ˈkɫ̪äu̯d̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈklau̯.do/, [ˈkläːu̯d̪o]

claudō (present infinitive claudere, perfect active clausī, supine clausum); third conjugation

1. to shut up, close, lock

   Synonyms: retineō, intersaepiō, interclūdō, inclūdō, operiō, premō, obserō

   Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.232–233:

     “quid Trōēs potuēre, quibus, tot fūnera passīs,
     cūnctus ob Ītaliam terrārum clauditur orbis?”

     “What have the Trojans done, for whom, having suffered so many losses, the whole circle of the lands has been closed. [And all] for the sake of Italy.”
     (Venus, speaking to Jupiter, laments the plight of the Trojans as they wander the Mediterranean shores.)

2. to imprison, confine

   Synonyms: comprehendo, retineo, intersaepio, includo, intercludo, arceo, impedio, urgeō, coerceō, prohibeo

3. to encompass, surround

   Synonyms: complector, amplector, stīpō, circumdō, circumveniō

4. to besiege, blockade

   Synonyms: circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, circumdō, obsideō, assideō, circumsaepiō, saepiō, obstruō

5. to limit, restrict

   Synonyms: delīmitō, līmitō, inclūdō, fīniō, coerceō, minuō, moderor

6. to terminate, finish, complete

   Synonyms: perficiō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, nāvō, perpetrō, inclūdō, expleō, fungor, efficiō, patrō, conclūdō, condō, peragō, trānsigō, exsequor, gerō, impleō, exhauriō

• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: cloure
  • Franco-Provençal: cllôre
  • Old French: clore (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: claure
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: choir, choyr
    • Galician: choer
    • Portuguese: chouvir (obsolete)
• Insular Romance:
  • Old Sardinian: klaudere

Reflexes of the variant clūdere:

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: cljid
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: chiudere
  • Neapolitan: chiudere
  • Sicilian: chiùdiri, chiùjiri, jùjiri
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: cludi
  • Romansch: clugir
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Occitan: cluire

claudō (present infinitive claudere, supine clausum); third conjugation, no perfect stem

1. Alternative form of claudeō (“limp”)

claudō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of claudus

• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to..: aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus)
    
  • (ambiguous) to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere
    
  • (ambiguous) to bring up the rear: agmen claudere, cogere
    
  • (ambiguous) to besiege a city: oppidum obsidione claudere
    
• “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “claudo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• claudo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• claudo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “claudĕre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 750