operio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *opwerjō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ópi (“at, near”) (whence ob) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”) +‎ *-ye-.[1] Cognate with Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Lithuanian atvérti (“to open”), Proto-Slavic *ot(ъ)verti (“to open”), and Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”). See also aperiō.

Pronunciation

Verb

operiō (present infinitive operīre, perfect active operuī, supine opertum); fourth conjugation

  1. to cover (over something); envelop
  2. (by extension) to shut, close
    Synonyms: inclūdō, interclūdō, claudō, intersaepiō, arceō, obserō
    Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō, patefaciō
  3. (figuratively) to hide, conceal, dissemble
    Synonyms: vēlō, dissimulō, occultō, indūcō, obnūbō, occulō, condō, recondō, verrō, obruō, adoperiō, nūbō, tegō, abdō, abscondō, comprimō, prōtegō, cooperiō, premō, opprimō, mergō
    Antonyms: adaperiō, aperiō
  4. (figuratively) to overwhelm, burden
  5. (figuratively, of a sin) to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten

Conjugation
   Conjugation of operiō (fourth conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present operiō operīs operit operīmus operītis operiunt
imperfect operiēbam operiēbās operiēbat operiēbāmus operiēbātis operiēbant
future operiam operiēs operiet operiēmus operiētis operient
perfect operuī operuistī operuit operuimus operuistis operuērunt,
operuēre
pluperfect operueram operuerās operuerat operuerāmus operuerātis operuerant
future perfect operuerō operueris operuerit operuerimus operueritis operuerint
passive present operior operīris,
operīre		 operītur operīmur operīminī operiuntur
imperfect operiēbar operiēbāris,
operiēbāre		 operiēbātur operiēbāmur operiēbāminī operiēbantur
future operiar operiēris,
operiēre		 operiētur operiēmur operiēminī operientur
perfect opertus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect opertus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect opertus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present operiam operiās operiat operiāmus operiātis operiant
imperfect operīrem operīrēs operīret operīrēmus operīrētis operīrent
perfect operuerim operuerīs operuerit operuerīmus operuerītis operuerint
pluperfect operuissem operuissēs operuisset operuissēmus operuissētis operuissent
passive present operiar operiāris,
operiāre		 operiātur operiāmur operiāminī operiantur
imperfect operīrer operīrēris,
operīrēre		 operīrētur operīrēmur operīrēminī operīrentur
perfect opertus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect opertus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — operī — — operīte —
future — operītō operītō — operītōte operiuntō
passive present — operīre — — operīminī —
future — operītor operītor — — operiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives operīre operuisse opertūrum esse operīrī opertum esse opertum īrī
participles operiēns — opertūrus — opertus operiendus,
operiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
operiendī operiendō operiendum operiendō opertum opertū

Derived terms

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “operiō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

Further reading
  • “operio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “operio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • operio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to uncover one's head: caput aperire (opp. operire)
    • to close the eyes of a dying person: oculos operire (morienti)
    • (ambiguous) to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi)
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