bánh

See also: banh, Bành, and Banh

Vietnamese

FWOTD – 3 January 2014

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥]
  • (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓan˦˥]
  • (file)

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese (flour-based food, SV: bính). Cognate with Muong pẻng, Thai แป้ง (bpɛ̂ɛng), Lao ແປ້ງ (pǣng).

A folk etymology claims that bánh is a corruption of French pain. However, this is clearly false as the word is attested in early Vietnamese texts such as Cư trần lạc đạo phú (居塵樂道賦, 13th century) and Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經, 12th century), which were published long before French contact with Vietnam.

Noun

(classifier chiếc, tấm, ) bánh • (𩛄, )

  1. a broad, vaguely defined term, mostly used by collocation or intuition, for foods that come in a specific shape or solid (a flat piece, a block, a ball, a loaf, etc.) and that are often made from grain or legume flour or plain rice, by size often larger than and contrasted with what is known as kẹo (candy)
    bánh kẹosweets (literally, “bánh and candy”)
    Hôm nay ăn bánh thay cơm.
    Today let's eat dumplings/pastries/bread instead of rice.
    bà hàng bán bánhthe lady selling dumplings/pastries
    bánh baobaozi
    nhân bánhdumpling/pastry filling
    bánh sinh nhậtbirthday cake
    bánh mì PhápFrench bread (literally, "French wheat cake")
    bánh mì kẹp kemice cream in Vietnamese baguette (literally, "ice cream sandwich")
    • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bánh.
  2. (cooking) certain types of noodles in their raw forms
    bánh phởpho noodle(s)
  3. a cake (a block of any of various dense materials)
    bánh xà phòng (bánh xà bông)a cake of soap
    • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bánh.
Usage notes
  • Not all noodles are called bánh: depending on the composition and production method, some noodles are considered bún, , miến, etc.
  • Not all cakes are called bánh: those made of meat are considered chả (patty), e.g. chả cá (fishcake), chả lụa (pork roll), and chả trứng (egg roll).
  • Bánh is used with various classifiers, depending on the general shape of the item. A loaf of bánh is classified as chiếc in northern Vietnam but in southern Vietnam. Tấm is used for wafers and the like.
  • Bánh is usually used as a generic word to refer to certain solid foods shaped round, flat, or puffy (e.g.: Cái loại bánh đó gọi là gì nhỉ? À, pi-da.)
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Khmer: បាញ់ (bañ)

Etymology 2

Cognate with Muong bẻnh.

Noun

(classifier chiếc) bánh • (𨋣, 軿, )

  1. a wheel
    xe bốn bánhfour-wheeled vehicle
    • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bánh.
Derived terms
Derived terms

Romanization

bánh

  1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of (weapon/trident/sound of drums/bells)
  2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of / (collide/meet/offend)
  3. Sino-Vietnamese reading of (low/short)
  4. Sino-Vietnamese reading of (clam)
  5. Sino-Vietnamese reading of (caterpillar)
  6. Sino-Vietnamese reading of
  7. Sino-Vietnamese reading of

References

  • "bánh" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
  • Hà Quang Phùng (2012 September 6) “Tìm hiểu về ngữ pháp tiếng Mường (Thim hiếu wuê ngử pháp thiểng Mường) [Understanding Muong grammar]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name) (FlashPaper; overall work in Vietnamese and Muong), Thanh Sơn–Phú Thọ Province Continuing Education Center, archived from the original on 17 December 2013
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