access

From Middle English accesse, acces, borrowed from Middle French acces (“attack, onslaught”) or from its source Latin accessus, perfect passive participle of accēdō (“approach; accede”), from ad (“to, toward, at”) + cēdō (“move, yield”). Doublet of accessus. First attested in the early 14th century. The sense "entrance" was first attested about 1380.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈæksɛs/
• (General American) enPR: ăkʹsĕs', IPA^(key): /ˈækˌsɛs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æksɛs
• Hyphenation: ac‧cess

access (countable and uncountable, plural accesses)

1. (uncountable) A way or means of approaching or entering; an entrance; a passage.
   • 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     All access was thronged.

2. (uncountable) The act of approaching or entering; an advance.
3. (uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.
4. (uncountable) The quality of being easy to approach or enter.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

     I did repel his fetters, and denied His access to me.

   • 2011 September 20, Graeme Paton, “University access plan 'will fail', says Russell Group”, in Telegraph‎:

     Coalition plans to widen access to university will fail to get to the 'root cause' of the problem, according to the Russell Group.

5. (uncountable) Admission to sexual intercourse.
   • 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

     During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown.

6. (archaic, countable) An increase by addition; accession

   an access of territory

   • 1667, John Milton, “(please specify the book number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     I, from the influence of thy looks, receive access in every virtue.

7. (countable) An onset, attack, or fit of disease; an ague fit.
   • 1724, [Gilbert] Burnet, edited by [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] Thomas Ward […], →OCLC:

     The first access looked like an apoplexy.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

     Then he resumed the pose, the decent pose, from which the sudden access of his old trouble had startled him, his hands on his knees, […]

8. (countable) An outburst of an emotion; a paroxysm; a fit of passion.
   • 1917, Frank L. Packard, chapter 15, in The Adventures of Jimmie Dale:

     The Magpie's flashlight, as he shifted it from his right hand to his left and wrenched out his revolver, had fallen upon two men crouched close against the wall by the library door—and he screamed out in an access of fury. "De double cross! A plant! De bulls! You damned snitch, Larry!" screamed out the Magpie—and fired.

   • 1946, Arnold J. Toynbee, A Study of History (Abridgement of Volumes I-VI by D.C. Somervell)

     It appears that, about the middle of the fourth century of the Christian Era, the Germans in the Roman service started the new practice of retaining their native names; and this change of etiquette, which seems to have been abrupt, points to a sudden access of self-confidence and self-assurance in the souls of the barbarian personnel which had previously been content to 'go Roman' without reservations.

9. (uncountable, law) The right of a noncustodial parent to visit their child.
10. (countable, computing) The process of locating data in memory.
    • 2011, Victor Pankratius, Ali-Reza Adl-Tabatabai, Walter Tichy, Fundamentals of Multicore Software Development, page 74:

      Operations on C++ volatiles do put the compiler on notice that the object may be modified asynchronously, and hence are generally safer to use than ordinary variable accesses.

11. (uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.
12. (uncountable, Scotland) Complicity or assent.

• (outburst, paroxysm): sometimes confused with excess.

• First attested in 1962.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈæksɛs/, /əkˈsɛs/
• (General American) enPR: ăkʹsĕs', ək-sĕsʹ, IPA^(key): /ˈækˌsɛs/, /əkˈsɛs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æksɛs, -ɛs
• Hyphenation: ac‧cess

access (third-person singular simple present accesses, present participle accessing, simple past and past participle accessed)

1. (transitive) To gain or obtain access to.
   • 2023 December 13, 'Industry Insider', “Delivering a robust timetable”, in RAIL, number 998, page 68:

     The value of having in-house medical expertise is that staff with poor attendance records who have difficulty accessing NHS services can receive support from their employer, to help reduce absenteeism brought about by medical conditions.

2. (transitive, computing) To have access to (data).

   I can't access most of the data on the computer without a password.

• ⇒ Brazilian Portuguese: acessar

• “access”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “access”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “access”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• access in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “access, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.