< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kunduŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic
*kunduŕ

Etymology

Unknown. Eren (1999) argues that this word is composed of *kund (“?”) + *-uŕ (“deverbal noun-making suffix”).

Often compared with Proto-Ugric *kuntɜ (“beaver”), whence Hungarian hód, Northern Mansi хунтыль (huntylʹ). Both loaning directions (Turkic → Ugric, Ugric → Turkic) have been proposed.[1][2]

Original meaning of this root, beaver, is contaminated in select languages with the secondary semantic derivation of otter.

Noun

*kunduŕ

  1. beaver
  2. otter

Declension
Declension of *kunduŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *kunduŕ
Accusative *kunduŕnï, *kunduŕug 4), *kunduŕnïg 1)
Genitive *kunduŕnïŋ
Dative *kunduŕka
Locative *kunduŕta
Ablative *kunduŕtan
Allative *kunduŕgaru
Instrumental 2) *kunduŕun
Equative 2) *kunduŕča
Similative 2) *kunduŕlayu
Comitative 2) *kunduŕlugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)
  • Common Turkic: *kunduz
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: qunduz
        • Ottoman Turkish: قوندوز (kunduz), قوندز (kunduz)
          • Turkish: kunduz
          • → Arabic: قُنْدُس (qundus), قُنْدُز (qunduz)
          • → Armenian: խունտուզ (xuntuz)
        • → Middle Armenian: խնդուզ (xnduz), խնտուզ (xntuz)
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: gunduz
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ҡондоҙ (qondoź)
      • Tatar: кондыз (qondız)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: qunduz
      • Karachay-Balkar: къундуз (qunduz)
      • Kumyk: хундуз (xunduz)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kazakh: құндыз (qūndyz, “otter”)
      • Nogai: кундыз (kundız)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кундуз (kunduz)
      • Southern Altai: кумдус (kumdus)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: kwntwz (kuntuz, “beaver”)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: кундус (kundus, “otter”)
        • Tofa: һундус (xundus)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: хундус (xundus)
        • Shor: қумдус (kumdus, “lizard”)

See also
Animals in Turkic
Köpek
Dog
 dog: *ït
Av Köpeği
Hunting Dog
 hunting dog: *eker
Tavuk
Hen
 hen: *tiakïgu
Toygar
Lark
 lark: *torgay
Güvercin
Pigeon
 dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin
Bıldırcın
Quail
 quail: *bïldurčïn
Serçe
Sparrow
 sparrow: *serče
Şahin
Hawk
 hawk, falcon: *kïrguy
Kaz
Goose
 goose: *kāŕ
Börü
Wolf
 wolf: *bȫrü
İnek
Cow
 cow: *ingek
Buzağı
Calf
 calf: *buŕagu
Deve
Camel
 camel: *tebe
Köşek
Young Camel
 young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu
At
Horse
 horse: *at
Kulun
Foal
 foal: *kulun
Kurt
Worm
 worm: *kūrt
Yılan
Snake
 snake: *yï̄lan
Tilki
Fox
 fox: *tilkü
Keçi
goat
 goat: *keči
Teke
He-goat
 he-goat: *teke
Aslan
Lion
 lion: *arsïlan
Balık
Fish
 fish: *bālïk
Çapak
Abramis brama
 carp bream: *čapak
Eşek
Donkey
 donkey: *eĺčgek
Sazan
Carp
 carp: *siāŕgan
Yayın
Catfish
 catfish: *yāyïn
Kunduz
Beaver
 beaver: *kunduŕ
Kirpi
Hedgehog
 hedgehog: *kirpi
Porsuk
Badger
 badger: *borsmuk
Sinek
Fly
 fly, mosquito: *siŋek
Arı
Bee
 wasp, bee: *ārï
At Sineği
Gadlfy
 gadfly: *bȫgen
Güve
Moth
 moth: *küńe
Bit
Louse
 louse: *bït
Solucan
Earthworm
 earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak
Yak
 yak: *kotuz
Sıpa
Colt
 colt: *sïp
Ejderha
Dragon
 dragon: *siāŕgan
Kurtçuk
Worm
 worm: *kūrt
Geyik
Deer
 deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu
Kertenkele
Lizard
 lizard: *keleŕ

References
  1. Entry #1781 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. Dybo, A. V. (2007) Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond, pratjurkskij period [Language contacts of early Turks. The Proto-Turkic period]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Oriental Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kunduz”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 635
  • The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): 
    entry=kunduz
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/kunduŕ”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 267
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*kuntuz (< *kuntuŕ)”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 301
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1534
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