< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kāŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kāz

Etymology

Considering the bird’s black feathers, it could be a derivative of the word 'black' (see Proto-Turkic *kara), but most data support the hypothesis of an onomatopoeic origin.[1][2][3] Probably related to the Hungarian onomatopoeic word gá-gá (sound a goose makes).[3] This onomatopoeic formation may serve the same function as other Turkic bird-related words like karga (crow, black bird) and kuş (bird), compare the Hungarian onomatopoeic word kár-kár ("to croak").[3]

Alternatively, borrowed from some reflex of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (goose), perhaps Tocharian.[4][5] Pedersen derived from Old Armenian *գաս (*gas), the supposed earlier form of սագ (sag, goose),[6][7] but this derivation is implausible.[2][5] Unlikely to be a direct borrowing from Proto-Indo-European, but perhaps coincidental or a cultural Wanderwort.[8] Compare with Chechen гӏа̄з (ğaaz), Ingush гӏа̄ж (ğaaž).

Noun

*kāŕ

  1. goose

Declension

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хур (hur)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قازْ (qāz, goose, geese (swans, ducks, swallows))
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: q՚z (qaz, geese)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (qaz)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
      • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Altai Turkic:
  • Abkhaz: а-ҟыз (a-qʼəz)
  • Adyghe: къаз (qaz)
  • → Alanic:
  • Archi: хъаз (qaz)
  • Avar: хъаз (qxaz)
  • Chechen: гӏаз (ğaz)
  • Dargwa: къаз (ɢaz)
  • Ingush: гӏаж (ğaž)
  • Kabardian: къаз (qaz)
  • Lezgi: къаз (q̄az)
  • Khowar: qoz ‘crane’
  • Persian: غاز (ğâz), قاز (qâz)
  • Pashto: قازه (qā́za)
  • Sangisari: غاز (qāz)

See also

Animals in Turkic
Köpek
Dog
dog: *ït
Av Köpeği
Hunting Dog
hunting dog: *eker
Tavuk
Hen
hen: *tiakïgu
Toygar
Lark
lark: *torgay
Güvercin
Pigeon
dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin
Bıldırcın
Quail
quail: *bïldurčïn
Serçe
Sparrow
sparrow: *serče
Şahin
Hawk
hawk, falcon: *kïrguy
Kaz
Goose
goose: *kāŕ
Börü
Wolf
wolf: *bȫrü
İnek
Cow
cow: *ingek
Buzağı
Calf
calf: *buŕagu
Deve
Camel
camel: *tebe
Köşek
Young Camel
young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu
At
Horse
horse: *at
Kulun
Foal
foal: *kulun
Kurt
Worm
worm: *kūrt
Yılan
Snake
snake: *yï̄lan
Tilki
Fox
fox: *tilkü
Keçi
goat
goat: *keči
Teke
He-goat
he-goat: *teke
Aslan
Lion
lion: *arsïlan
Balık
Fish
fish: *bālïk
Çapak
Abramis brama
carp bream: *čapak
Eşek
Donkey
donkey: *eĺčgek
Sazan
Carp
carp: *siāŕgan
Yayın
Catfish
catfish: *yāyïn
Kunduz
Beaver
beaver: *kunduŕ
Kirpi
Hedgehog
hedgehog: *kirpi
Porsuk
Badger
badger: *borsmuk
Sinek
Fly
fly, mosquito: *siŋek
Arı
Bee
wasp, bee: *ārï
At Sineği
Gadlfy
gadfly: *bȫgen
Güve
Moth
moth: *küńe
Bit
Louse
louse: *bït
Solucan
Earthworm
earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak
Yak
yak: *kotuz
Sıpa
Colt
colt: *sïp
Ejderha
Dragon
dragon: *siāŕgan
Kurtçuk
Worm
worm: *kūrt
Geyik
Deer
deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu
Kertenkele
Lizard
lizard: *keleŕ

Further reading

  • Abajev, V. I. (1973) “qaz”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 272
  • Budagov, Lazarʹ (1871) Sravnitelʹnyj slovarʹ turecko-tatarskix narěčij [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume II, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 13
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 360f
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 346

References

  1. Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 184b
  2. Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1389, pages 385–387
  3. Czeglédi, Katalin. The Nature of the Relationship between the Hungarian and Turkish Languages. Journal of Eurasian Studies. Volume IV., Issue 4. October-December 2012.
  4. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
  5. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 152b
  6. Pedersen, Holger (1906) “Armenisch und die Nachbarsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 39, number 3, pages 453–454
  7. Pedersen (Pedersən), Holger (1907) H. Tʻovmas Ketikean, transl., Hayerēn ew dracʻi lezunerə [Armenian and the Neighbouring Languages] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 186–187
  8. The Proto-Bulgaro-Turkic Urheimat based on geolexical analysis (archived)
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