< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰh₂éns

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Likely of imitative origin. See *gerh₂ḗn (“crane”) for a similar onomatopoeia-based bird name.

Nonetheless, Hyllested and others have suggested a (genetic) relationship with Proto-Finno-Ugric *joŋkće, with regular correspondence of Proto-Uralic *j- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰ-.[1] Similarity to Proto-Turkic *kāz (“goose”) is often discussed as well, but this is likely coincidental.

Noun

*ǵʰh₂éns f[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

  1. goose

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *ǵʰh₂éns
genitive *ǵʰh₂n̥sés
singular dual plural
nominative *ǵʰh₂éns *ǵʰh₂énsh₁(e) *ǵʰh₂énses
vocative *ǵʰh₂éns *ǵʰh₂énsh₁(e) *ǵʰh₂énses
accusative *ǵʰh₂énsm̥ *ǵʰh₂énsh₁(e) *ǵʰh₂énsm̥s
genitive *ǵʰh₂n̥sés *? *ǵʰh₂n̥sóHom
ablative *ǵʰh₂n̥sés *? *ǵʰh₂n̥smós
dative *ǵʰh₂n̥séy *? *ǵʰh₂n̥smós
locative *ǵʰh₂éns, *ǵʰh₂énsi *? *ǵʰh₂n̥sú
instrumental *ǵʰh₂n̥séh₁ *? *ǵʰh₂n̥smís

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *gatā
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źansís / *gansís (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *gansis (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *gans (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰā́n
    • Ancient Greek: χήν (khḗn)
      Doric Greek: χᾱ́ν (khā́n)
    • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀏𐀜 (ka-no /⁠kʰā́nhos⁠/, gen.sg.), 𐀏𐀯 (ka-si /⁠kʰā́si⁠/, dat.pl.)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰansás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *hāns (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Hyllested, Adam (2008) “Internal Reconstruction vs. External Comparison: The Case of the Indo-Uralic Laryngeals”, in Jens Elmegård Rasmussen & Thomas Olander, editors, Internal Reconstruction in Indo-European: Methods, Results, and Problems : Section Papers from the XVI International Conference on Historical Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, 11th–15th August, 2003‎, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 118 of 111–136: “VI”
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χήν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1630
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ānser”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44
  4. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gansi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
  5. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “gatë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
  6. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gǫ̑sь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 184
  7. Derksen, Rick (2015) “žąsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
  8. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gans-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
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