-do
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic suffix *datos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-tó-s. Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“put; do”). The regular outcomes of *dʰ in Latin are /f/ word-initially (cf. fūmus) and /d/ word-medially (cf. fīdō).
The derivatives of -dō are not always easy to distinguish from those of dō (“give”) < *deh₃-.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /doː/, [d̪oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /do/, [d̪o]
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -dō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -dō | -dis | -dit | -dimus | -ditis | -dunt |
| imperfect | -dēbam | -dēbās | -dēbat | -dēbāmus | -dēbātis | -dēbant | |
| future | -dam | -dēs | -det | -dēmus | -dētis | -dent | |
| perfect | -didī | -didistī | -didit | -didimus | -didistis | -didērunt, -didēre | |
| pluperfect | -dideram | -diderās | -diderat | -diderāmus | -diderātis | -diderant | |
| future perfect | -diderō | -dideris | -diderit | -diderimus | -dideritis | -diderint | |
| sigmatic future1 | -ō | -is | -it | -imus | -itis | -int | |
| passive | present | -dor | -deris, -dere |
-ditur | -dimur | -diminī | -duntur |
| imperfect | -dēbar | -dēbāris, -dēbāre |
-dēbātur | -dēbāmur | -dēbāminī | -dēbantur | |
| future | -dar | -dēris, -dēre |
-dētur | -dēmur | -dēminī | -dentur | |
| perfect | -ditus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -ditus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | -ditus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| sigmatic future1 | -or | -eris | -itur | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -dam | -dās | -dat | -dāmus | -dātis | -dant |
| imperfect | -derem | -derēs | -deret | -derēmus | -derētis | -derent | |
| perfect | -diderim | -diderīs | -diderit | -diderīmus | -diderītis | -diderint | |
| pluperfect | -didissem | -didissēs | -didisset | -didissēmus | -didissētis | -didissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | -im | -īs | -īt | -īmus | -ītis | -int | |
| passive | present | -dar | -dāris, -dāre |
-dātur | -dāmur | -dāminī | -dantur |
| imperfect | -derer | -derēris, -derēre |
-derētur | -derēmur | -derēminī | -derentur | |
| perfect | -ditus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -ditus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | -de | — | — | -dite | — |
| future | — | -ditō | -ditō | — | -ditōte | -duntō | |
| passive | present | — | -dere | — | — | -diminī | — |
| future | — | -ditor | -ditor | — | — | -duntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | -dere | -didisse | -ditūrum esse | -dī | -ditum esse | -ditum īrī | |
| participles | -dēns | — | -ditūrus | — | -ditus | -dendus, -dundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| -dendī | -dendō | -dendum | -dendō | -ditum | -ditū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-dō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175
Macanese
Etymology
From Portuguese -ado and -ido.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /du/, (rare) /do/
Suffix
-do
Usage notes
- In writing, the accent on the last vowel of the verb is removed, although the syllable stress remains the same.
- Past participles are often used with ficâ (“to become”).
- Verbs ending in -ê are usually transformed into -ido rather than -edo, consistent with Portuguese participle formation.
Derived terms
Murui Huitoto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-dɔ]
- Hyphenation: do
Etymology 1
Cognates include Minica Huitoto -do and Nüpode Huitoto -do.
Classifier
-do
- Classifier for pointy objects.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.