내

내 (nae, “stream”)

First attested as eighth-century Old Korean 川理 (*NAri); the Old Korean form is also given directly in Dongdong, an archaic poem in the 1493 collection Akhak gwebeom (樂學軌範 / 악학궤범), as 나리 (Yale: nali).

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 냏〯 (Yale: nǎyh).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

내 • (nae)

1. (now chiefly literary or poetic) stream, brook

   Synonym: 개천(開川) (gaecheon)

   내가 흐르다 ― nae-ga heureuda ― for a stream to flow

   • 1955 (posthumous), 윤동주／尹東柱<t:Yun Dong-ju>, “새로운 길”, in 하늘과 바람과 별과 詩(시):

     내를 건너서 숲으로 / 고개를 넘어서 마을로 / 어제도 가고 오늘도 갈 / 나의 길 새로운 길

     nae-reul geonneoseo sup-euro / gogae-reul neomeoseo ma'eul-lo / eoje-do gago oneul-do gal / na-ui gil saeroun gil

     Crossing the stream and into the forest / Over the hill and into the village / The road I travelled yesterday and will travel today / The road will be forever new

• 川 (cheon), the hanja for "stream"

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 내〮 (Yale: náy).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

내 • (nae)

1. smell, scent

   Synonym: 냄새 (naemsae)

   빵에서 고소한 내가 풍긴다. ― Ppang-eseo goso-han nae-ga pungginda. ― From the bread a sweet scent is given off.

• Typically used in compounds; 냄새 (naemsae) is more commonly used alone.

From Middle Korean 내〮 (ná-y).

Equivalent to a contraction of 나 (na, “I; me”, plain first-person pronoun) +‎ 이 (-i, nominative particle). When the 가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 나 (na), producing this new allomorphy. This doubly nominative-marked form was first attested in the Ineo daebang (隣語大方 / 인어대방), a 1790 Korean–Japanese textbook (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 273).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

내 • (nae)

1. allomorph of 나 (na, plain first-person pronoun) before 가 (-ga, nominative suffix)

   Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)

From Middle Korean 내 (này).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

내 • (nae)

1. Contraction of 나의 (na-ui): my

   Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)

   내 기억이 맞다면 그는 교사였다. ― Nae gieog-i matdamyeon geu-neun gyosa-yeotda. ― If my memory serves me right, he was a teacher.

   • 1974, Park Chung-hee, Caligraphy written on 20 May 1974:

     내 一(일)生(생) 祖(조)國(국)과 民(민)族(족)을 爲(위)하여

     nae ilsaeng joguk-gwa minjog-eul wihayeo

     [I] dedicate my entire life towards the motherland and the nation.

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄂᆡ〮 (Yale: nóy).

Displaced by Sino-Korean 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi), as the general word for "smoke".

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [내/네]

내 • (nae)

1. (now uncommon) smoke

   Synonym: 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi)

   내를 맡다/마시다 ― nae-reul matda/masida ― to inhale smoke

   • 1991 September 1, “孫(손)悟(오)空(공)과 宇(우)宙(주)船(선)”, in Chosun Ilbo:

     그 회견에서 내려다본 지구의 모습을 묻는 말에 『마치 연기에 가려진 것처럼 내가 잔뜩 끼여있다. 피나투보화산의 폭발 때문인지 쿠웨이트의 유전 연기 때문인지는 알 수 없지만 이제까지 세번에 걸친 우주여행에서 최악의 흐린 전망이다』고 했다.

     Geu hoegyeon-eseo naeryeodabon jigu-ui moseub-eul munneun mar-e machi yeon'gi-e garyeojin geot-cheoreom nae-ga jantteuk kkiyeoitda. Pinatubo-hwasan-ui pokbal ttaemun-inji Kuweiteu-ui yujeon yeon'gi ttaemun-inji-neun al su eop-jiman ije-kkaji se-beon-e geolchin ujuyeohaeng-eseo choeag-ui heurin jeonmang-idago haetda.

     In the news conference, when asked about the view of Earth as seen from space, [Dr. Lucid] replied, "It was enveloped in an obscuring haze of smoke. I do not know if that is because of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo or smoke from the Kuwaiti oil fields, but it is so far the worst view I had in all of my three missions."

• 煙 (yeon), the hanja for "smoke"

Sino-Korean word from 內.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

내 • (nae) (hanja 內)

1. inside (an area or space)

   Synonym: 안 (an)

   Antonym: 외(外) (oe)

   사무실 내에서는 흡연 금지입니다. ― Samusil nae-eseo-neun heubyeon geumji-imnida. ― Smoking is forbidden in the office.

2. within (a certain time or limit)

   Synonym: 안 (an)

   Antonym: 외(外) (oe)

   과제는 금주 내로 제출해야 됩니다. ― Gwaje-neun geumju nae-ro jechul-haeya doemnida. ― The assignment must be submitted by the end of the week.

• See the hanja entry at 內 for Sino-Korean compounds of 내 (內, nae).

내— • (nae-) (hanja 內)

1. internal

   Antonym: 외(外) (oe-)

   ‎내(內) (nae-) + ‎출혈(出血) (chulhyeol, “bleeding”) → ‎내출혈(內出血) (naechulhyeol, “internal bleeding”)

First attested in the Dongguk sinsok samgang haengsildo (東國新續三綱行實圖 / 동국신속삼강행실도), 1617, as Early Modern Korean 내 (Yale: nay).

See 내 (-nae, “through, throughout”), the suffix form.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

내 • (nae)

1. through, throughout, all the time

• 내내 (naenae, reduplication)

내 • (nae)

1. Gyeongsang form of 나 (na, “I, me”)

   내한테 도라 ― nae-hante dora ― give it to me

Reading of various Chinese characters.

내 (nae)