See also: , , and
U+9B31, 鬱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B31

[U+9B30]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9B32]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 192, +19, 29 strokes, cangjie input 木木月山竹 (DDBUH), four-corner 44722, composition ⿳⿲)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1458, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45671
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1990, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 858, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+9B31

Chinese

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (forest) + (person) + .

Now phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qud) : semantic (forest) + phonetic 𩰪 ().

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (60)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'jut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɨut̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔiut̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔut̚/
Li
Rong
/ʔiuət̚/
Wang
Li
/ĭuət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯uət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wat1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjut ›
Old
Chinese
/*qut/
English blocked; anxious

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16057
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qud/

Definitions

  1. lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick
  2. various; abundant; profuse
  3. deep; obscure; profound
  4. to gather; to stagnate; to become stagnant
  5. depressed; gloomy; moody
  6. melancholy; depression
  7. to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved
  8. hot air (rising); steam
  9. a kind of plum
  10. name of a god
  11. tall and big
  12. putrid; putrefied
  13. tulip; fragrant grass
    alt. forms: 𩰪 (), ()
  14. () name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong
  15. () name of an ancient Chinese prefecture
  16. a surname

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. depression, gloom, melancholy

Readings

Compounds

Trivia

has, at 29 strokes, the most strokes of any kanji in the jōyō kanji list or kanji kentei level 2.[1] The next highest kanji in the jōyō list is , at 23 strokes.

Prior to the Japanese script reform, this character was handwritten as using 25 strokes, similar to how "令" is often written differently in handwriting. However, after the reform, the character was excluded from the official lists. In 2010, only the print form was included in the new jōyō kanji list, and it is today taught to be written like the print form instead of like .

Etymology

Kanji in this term
うつ
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spelling

From Middle Chinese (MC 'jut).

Pronunciation

Adjective

(うつ) • (utsu) -na (adnominal (うつ) (utsu na), adverbial (うつ) (utsu ni))

  1. depressing
    (うつ)(きょく)
    utsu na kyoku
    depressing song
  2. depressed
    (うつ)()(ぶん)
    utsu na kibun
    gloomy mood
    (うつ)なりそう
    utsu ni narisō
    to be almost depressed about something

Noun

(うつ) • (utsu) 

  1. (psychiatry) depression
    (うつ)(こく)(ふく)する
    utsu o kokufuku suru
    overcome depression

Synonyms

Affix

(うつ) • (utsu) 

  1. dense (growth); lush; luxuriant
  2. accumulate; stagnate
  3. depression; gloom; melancholy

References

  1. Crazy kanji: what’s the highest stroke count?, Nihonshock, 2009 Oct 22
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC 'jut).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 답답할 (dapdaphal ul))

  1. Hanja form? of (stuffy; stifling; suffocating).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: uất

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