蹇

蹇	U+8E47, 蹇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8E47

← 蹆
[U+8E46]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蹈 →
[U+8E48]

Translingual

Han character

蹇 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金人 (JTCO) or 難十廿金人 (XJTCO), four-corner 3080₁, composition ⿱𡨄足)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1230, character 40

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37741

Dae Jaweon: page 1702, character 40

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3731, character 5

Unihan data for U+8E47

Chinese

simp. and trad.		蹇
alternative forms		䮿／𬴏𨇥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蹇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (寒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
寒	*ɡaːn
蹇	kranʔ, kanʔ
謇	*kranʔ
搴	kranʔ, kʰran
藆	*kranʔ
騫	*kʰran
褰	*kʰran
攐	*kʰran
鑳	*ɡranʔ
寋	*ɡanʔ
鶱	*qʰan

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kranʔ, *kanʔ) : abbreviated phonetic 寒 (OC *ɡaːn) + semantic 足 (“foot”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǎn, qiān (jian³, qian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ, ㄑㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin², zin²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kián

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: chien³
  - Yale: jyǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cian
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
  - Yale: chyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin², zin²
  - Yale: gín, jín
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin², dzin²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin², jin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³⁵/, /t͡siːn³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kián
  - Tâi-lô: kián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: kjonX, kjenX

Rime
Character	蹇	蹇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居偃切	九輦切
Baxter	kjonX	kjenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn^X/	/kˠiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn^X/	/kᵚiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn^X/	/kiæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan^X/	/kian^X/
Li Rong	/kiɐn^X/	/kjɛn^X/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn^X/	/kĭɛn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn^X/	/ki̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎn	jiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin²	gin²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kranʔ/, /*kanʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蹇	蹇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4871	4880
Phonetic component	寒	寒
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	蹇	湕
Old Chinese	/*kranʔ/	/*kanʔ/

Definitions

蹇

(literary) lame; crippled
(literary) difficult; hard; unlucky
(literary) dull; stupid; dumb
(literary) arrogant; haughty
(literary) lame donkey or inferior horse
(literary) stutter
(literary) Sentence-initial particle.
䷦,39th hexagram of the I Ching
a surname
蹇先佛 ― Jiǎn Xiānfó ― Jian Xianfo (former Electric Industry vice-minister of China)

Compounds

乖蹇
偃蹇
偃蹇困窮／偃蹇困穷
命蹇
命蹇時乖／命蹇时乖
屯蹇 (zhūnjiǎn)
數奇命蹇／数奇命蹇
時乖命蹇／时乖命蹇
時乖運蹇／时乖运蹇
策蹇
緣慳命蹇／缘悭命蹇
跛蹇 (bǒjiǎn)
蹇促
蹇修
蹇傴／蹇伛
蹇兔
蹇剝／蹇剥
蹇吃
蹇味兒／蹇味儿
蹇滯／蹇滞 (jiǎnzhì)
蹇澀／蹇涩
蹇產／蹇产
蹇緩／蹇缓
蹇落
蹇諤之風／蹇谔之风
蹇蹇
蹇連／蹇连
蹇運／蹇运
蹇驢／蹇驴
運乖時蹇／运乖时蹇
運蹇時乖／运蹇时乖
驕蹇／骄蹇

References

“蹇”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

蹇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

cripple

Readings

From Middle Chinese 蹇 (MC kjonX):

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken)

From Middle Chinese 蹇 (MC kjenX):

Go-on: けん (ken)
Kan-on: けん (ken)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: あしなえ (ashinae, 蹇)^{←あしなへ (asinafe, 蹇, historical)}; かかげる (kakageru, 蹇げる); なえぐ (naegu, 蹇ぐ)^{←なへぐ (nafegu, 蹇ぐ, historical)}; なやむ (nayamu)

Compounds

蹇(けん)諤(がく), 蹇(けん)愕(がく) (kengaku)
蹇(けん)吃(きつ) (kenkitsu)
蹇(けん)喫(きつ) (kenkitsu)
蹇(けん)侷(きょく) (kenkyoku)
蹇(けん)蹇(けん) (kenken)
蹇(けん)産(さん), 蹇(けん)滻(さん) (kensan)
蹇(けん)脩(しゅう) (kenshū)
蹇(けん)渋(じゅう) (kenjū)
蹇(けん)裳(しょう) (kenshō)
蹇(けん)足(そく) (kensoku)
蹇(けん)滞(たい) (kentai)
蹇(けん)躓(ち) (kenchi)
蹇(けん)跛(ぱ) (kenpa)
蹇(けん)剝(はく) (kenhaku)
蹇(けん)歩(ぽ) (kenpo)
蹇(けん)劣(れつ) (kenretsu)
蹇(けん)連(れん) (kenren)
蹇(けん)驢(ろ) (kenro)
偃(えん)蹇(けん) (enken)
窮(きゅう)蹇(けん) (kyūken)
驕(きょう)蹇(けん) (kyōken)
驁(ごう)蹇(けん) (gōken)
屯(ちゅん)蹇(けん) (chunken)
駑(ど)蹇(けん) (doken)
跛(は)蹇(けん) (haken)
連(れん)蹇(けん) (renken)

Korean

Hanja

蹇 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)

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Vietnamese

Han character

蹇: Hán Nôm readings: kiễng

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