臼

See also: 𦥑, 曰, 白, 日, and 鼠

臼	U+81FC, 臼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81FC

← 臻
[U+81FB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

臽 →
[U+81FD]

⾅	U+2F85, ⾅ KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR

← ⾄
[U+2F84]

Kangxi Radicals

⾆ →
[U+2F86]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

臼 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹難 (HX), four-corner 7777₀, composition ⿵⿲丨⿱丿一⿹𠃍一一)

Kangxi radical #134, ⾅.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/臼
㧮, 桕, 𭹉, 𧧖, 𧳈, 𩢹, 𩶧, 齨, 𠜃, 𨋺, 𨾹, 𩒦, 𩶿, 䳎
兒, 帠, 䊆, 䢅, 䳔, 鼠, 𪠨, 𡘑, 𭇦, 𣆫, 𨿀, 𩣅, 𪓢, 臽, 𡚒, 㳫, 𤘈, 𦭻, 𮃼, 𦽭, 閰, 裒
𦥚, 㖬, 𢝘, 揑, 湼, 䛼, 毁, 隉, 㷐, 毀, 𢶽, 𣫞

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1003, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30173
Dae Jaweon: page 1459, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3037, character 1
Unihan data for U+81FC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		臼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臼	*ɡuʔ
齨	*ɡuʔ
桕	*ɡuʔ
舅	*ɡuʔ
舊	*ɡʷɯs
匶	*ɡʷɯs
閰	*kuɡ

Pictogram (象形) : a mortar.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiù (jiu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³, kau⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiû

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiu¹
Eastern Min (BUC): kô / kêu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khǔ / khū / kiǔ / kiū

(Teochew, Peng'im): ku⁶ / giu⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶jieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
  - Wade–Giles: chiu⁴
  - Yale: jyòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
  - Palladius: цзю (czju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kau³, kau⁵
  - Yale: kau, káuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau³, kau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo³, keo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/, /kʰɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kô / kêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰou²⁴²/, /kʰiɛu²⁴²/

Note:

kô - vernacular;
kêu - litereary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khǔ
  - Tâi-lô: khǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khū
  - Tâi-lô: khū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kiǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiū
  - Tâi-lô: kiū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²²/

Note:

khǔ/khū - vernacular;
kiǔ/kiū - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ku⁶ / giu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khŭ / kiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³⁵/, /kiu³⁵/

Note:

ku6 - vernacular;
giu6 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶jieu
  - MiniDict: jieu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɤ²³/

Middle Chinese: gjuwX

Rime
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其九切
Baxter	gjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guw^X/
Li Rong	/ɡiu^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.[ɡ]ʷəʔ/
English	mortar
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臼
Reading #	1/1
No.	6977
Phonetic component	臼
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	舅
Old Chinese	/*ɡuʔ/

Definitions

臼

mortar (hollow vessel used to pound or crush ingredients)
something which resembles a mortar

Compounds

不落窠臼 (bùluòkējiù)
井臼
大臼齒／大臼齿 (dàjiùchǐ)
小臼齒／小臼齿 (xiǎojiùchǐ)
操井臼
杵臼 (chǔjiù)
杵臼交
杵臼關節／杵臼关节
炊臼
炊臼之夢／炊臼之梦
炊臼之戚
烏臼／乌臼
窠臼 (kējiù)
紡績井臼／纺绩井臼
脫臼／脱臼 (tuōjiù)
自操井臼
臼中無釜／臼中无釜
臼窠 (jiùkē)
臼頭深目／臼头深目
臼齒／臼齿 (jiùchǐ)
虀臼
親操井臼／亲操井臼
門臼／门臼 (ménjiù)
齏臼／齑臼 (jījiù)

References

(Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Japanese

Kanji

臼

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

millstone; mortar

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kun: うす (usu, 臼, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
臼
うす Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 臼 – see the following entry.

【うす】	[noun] 臼, 碓: mortar Alternative spelling 碓

(This term, 臼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
臼
おす Grade: S
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 臼 – see the following entry.

【おす】	[noun] 臼: (dialectal, Yamagata) mortar

(This term, 臼, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

臼 (eum 구 (gu))

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Vietnamese

Han character

臼: Hán Nôm readings: cối, cữu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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