肘

See also: 䏔
肘 U+8098, 肘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8098
← 肗
[U+8097] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肙 →
[U+8099]

Translingual

Han character

肘 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月木戈 (BDI), four-corner 74200, composition ⿰月寸(GJK) or ⿰⺼寸(HT))

Derived characters
  • 𤶡

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 974, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29268
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2044, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8098

Chinese
trad. 肘
simp. # 肘

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (肘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
肘 *tkuʔ
疛 *tuʔ, *dus
紂 *duʔ
葤 *duʔ
酎 *l'us

Originally an ideogram (指事) : a hand (又) with a stroke outlining the elbow. This character was distinct from 寸; however, their shapes were too similar, so the radical 肉/⺼ was added to distinguish it, making it an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g(r)u (“elbow, cubit”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 肘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟柳切
Baxter trjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuwX/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiuX/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*t-[k]<r>uʔ/
English elbow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肘
Reading # 1/1
No. 17544
Phonetic
component		 肘
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 肘
Old
Chinese		 /*tkuʔ/
Notes 甲金文象手臂下加指示符，
後再加形旁轉註

Definitions

肘

  1. (anatomy) elbow
  2. upper part of a leg of pork (as food)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 胳膊肘 (“elbow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 肘
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 胳膊肘
Mandarin Beijing 胳膊肘兒, 胳臂肘兒
Taiwan 手肘
Harbin 胳膊肘子, 胳膊肘兒
Yantai (Muping) 胳膊肘兒, 拐肘, 胳膊彎兒
Jinan 胳膊肘, 胳膊肘兒, 胳膊肘子
Luoyang 胳膊肘兒
Wanrong 胳肘子
Xi'an 胳肘子
Yinchuan 胳肘子
Lanzhou 胳肘子
Xining 胳杵子
Ürümqi 胳肘子
Wuhan 倒拐, 倒拐頭, 拐子
Chengdu 倒拐子, 手倒拐
Guiyang 手道拐
Kunming 手拐子
Liuzhou 手拐, 手膝蓋
Xuzhou 胳膊肘兒, 胳膊肘子
Yangzhou 膀節彎子, 膀彎子, 胳膊肘子
Nanjing 胳膀垂兒, 胳膀肘兒
Hefei 胳膊肘
Nantong 手彎子, 手拐子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 胳肘子
Cantonese Guangzhou 手㬹
Hong Kong 手㬹
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 手㬹
Taishan 手鑿
Dongguan 手㬹
Yangjiang 手鑿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 手㬹
Gan Nanchang 斗㬹
Lichuan 斗㬹公
Pingxiang 掌肘
Hakka Meixian 手㬹
Xingning 手㬹
Huidong (Daling) 手㬹
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 手㬹
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 手㬹
Changting 手㬹
Wuping 手㬹角頭
Wuping (Pingyu) 手㬹
Liancheng 手㬹
Ninghua 手㬹
Yudu 手㬹
Ruijin 手㬹
Shicheng 手㬹
Shangyou (Shexi) 手㬹
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 手㬹
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 手㬹
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 手㬹
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 手㬹
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 手㬹
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 手㬹
Hong Kong 手㬹
Senai (Huiyang) 手㬹角
Huizhou Jixi 手肘尖
Shexian 肘腮頭
Jin Taiyuan 胳扭子, 胳肘子, 胳肘, 胳膊肘
Xinzhou 胳扭
Northern Min Jian'ou 手角䟓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 手𩨑
Fuqing 手臂𩨑
Southern Min Xiamen 手後臼, 手後蹬, 手後曲, 手曲
Quanzhou 手後捅
Jinjiang 手後捅
Zhangzhou 手後曲, 手曲, 手後臼
Taipei 手後曲
Kaohsiung 手後蹬
Yilan 手後彎
Changhua (Lukang) 手後曲
Taichung 手後曲
Taichung (Wuqi) 手後曲
Tainan 手曲
Taitung 手後曲
Hsinchu 手後曲
Penghu (Magong) 手後曲
Chaozhou 手後捅
Shantou 手後捅
Leizhou 手趺
Haikou 手趺
Puxian Min Putian 手彎
Xianyou 手彎
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 米臂尖
Wu Shanghai 臂撐子
Shanghai (Chongming) 臂杖子
Suzhou 臂膊撐子, 臂膊撐骨
Danyang 手臂彎彎
Hangzhou 手拄撐頭
Ningbo 手㬹子頭
Wenzhou 手㬹頭, 手㬹根頭
Jinhua 手臂囊頭
Xiang Changsha 倒肘, 手拐子, 倒拐子, 倒拐
Shuangfeng 手杵子

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
肘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
肘
ひじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
肱
臂

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *penti.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ひじ​ [hìjíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [çiʑi]

Noun

肘(ひじ) • (hiji) ←ひぢ (fidi)?

  1. elbow

References
  1. “肘・肱・臂”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 肘 (MC trjuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〯 (tyǔ) (Yale: tyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 肘 (eumhun 팔꿈치 주 (palkkumchi ju))

  1. Hanja form? of 주 (“elbow”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 주액 (肘腋, juaek)
  • 주관절 (肘關節, jugwanjeol)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

肘: Hán Nôm readings: khuỷu, trửu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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