神無月

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
神 無 月
かん
Grade: 3		 な
Grade: 4		 つき > づき
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
神無月 (kyūjitai)

Shift from kaminazuki or kamunazuki below.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かんな​づき [kàńnáꜜzùkì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [kã̠nːa̠zɨᵝkʲi]

Noun

神(かん)無(な)月(づき) • (kannazuki) 

  1. (archaic) the tenth month of the lunar calendar
  2. (poetic) the month of the kami, October

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
神 無 月
かみ
Grade: 3		 な
Grade: 4		 つき > づき
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
神無月 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 神 (kami, “Shinto god, deity”) +‎ な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle, apophonic form of の (no)) +‎ 月 (tsuki, “month”). The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

The use of the kanji 無 (“not, none”) for the na portion is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字). In one folk etymology, kami were said to assemble at Izumo Grand Shrine in this month, leaving no gods in the rest of Japan.[2][3][4][5][6]

Pronunciation

Noun

神(かみ)無(な)月(づき) • (kaminazuki) 

  1. (archaic) the tenth month of the lunar calendar
  2. (poetic) the month of the kami, October

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
神 無 月
かむ
Grade: 3		 な
Grade: 4		 つき > づき
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
神無月 (kyūjitai)

Compound of 神 (kamu, combining form of kami, “Shinto god, deity”) +‎ な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle, apophonic form of の (no)) +‎ 月 (tsuki, “month”). The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

神(かむ)無(な)月(づき) • (kamunazuki) 

  1. (archaic) the tenth month of the lunar calendar
  2. (poetic) the month of the kami, October

See also
  • 神有月(かみありづき), 神在月(かみありづき) (kamiarizuki)
  • 神(かみ)去(さ)り月(づき) (kamisarizuki)
  • 神(かみ)無(な)し月(づき) (kaminashizuki)

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. “神無月”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. “神無月”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  6. 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
  7. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compound of 神 (kami2/kamu-, “Shinto god, deity”) +‎ な (na, apophonic form of possessive particle の (no2)) +‎ 月 (tuki2, “month”). The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

In one folk etymology, kami were said to assemble at Izumo Grand Shrine in this month, leaving no gods in the rest of Japan.

Noun

神無月 (kami2naduki2, kamunaduki2) (kana かみなづき, かむなづき)

  1. the tenth month of the lunar calendar
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Yūryaku, entry 2: third year of the tenth month of Emperor Ankō:
      ...孟冬作陰之月...
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 8, poem 1590:
      十月鍾礼尓相有黄葉乃吹者将落風之随
      kami1naduki2kamunaduki2 sigure ni ape1ru momi1tiba no2 pukaba tirinamu kaze no2 manimani
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants
  • Japanese: 神無月 (かんなづき, kannazuki)
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