瑕

瑕	U+7455, 瑕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7455

← 瑔
[U+7454]

CJK Unified Ideographs

瑖 →
[U+7456]

Translingual

Han character

瑕 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一土口尸水 (MGRSE), four-corner 1714₇, composition ⿰𤣩叚)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 737, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21120

Dae Jaweon: page 1148, character 18

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1128, character 14

Unihan data for U+7455

Chinese

simp. and trad.		瑕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瑕
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
葭	*kraː
麚	*kraː
瘕	kraː, kraːʔ
豭	*kraː
貑	*kraː
猳	*kraː
犌	*kraː
假	kraːʔ, kraːs
嘏	*kraːʔ
婽	*kraːʔ
椵	*kraːʔ
叚	*kraːʔ
蝦	qʰraː, ɡraː
煆	qʰraː, qʰraːs
霞	*ɡraː
遐	*ɡraː
瑕	*ɡraː
鰕	*ɡraː
碬	*ɡraː
蕸	*ɡraː
赮	*ɡraː
鍜	*ɡraː
騢	*ɡraː
暇	*ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiá (xia²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hà
Eastern Min (BUC): hà
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hâ

(Teochew, Peng'im): hia⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siá
  - Wade–Giles: hsia²
  - Yale: syá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
  - Palladius: ся (sja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haa⁴
  - Yale: hàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ha⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hà
  - Hakka Romanization System: haˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ha²
  - Sinological IPA: /ha¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hà
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ha⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâ
  - Tâi-lô: hâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ha²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ha²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hia⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hia⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: hae

Rime
Character	瑕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡加切
Baxter	hae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠa/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣa/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨ/
Li Rong	/ɣa/
Wang Li	/ɣa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haa⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤra/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瑕
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiá
Middle Chinese	‹ hæ ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁra/
English	flaw, blemish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瑕
Reading #	1/1
No.	5967
Phonetic component	叚
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遐
Old Chinese	/*ɡraː/
Notes	叚轉註字

Definitions

瑕

flaw; blemish

Compounds

吹毛取瑕
吹毛求瑕
尋瑕索瘢／寻瑕索瘢
抉瑕掩瑜
抉瑕擿釁／抉瑕擿衅
抵瑕蹈隙
指瑕
指瑕造隙
捐忿與瑕／捐忿与瑕
掩瑕藏疾
棄瑕取用／弃瑕取用
棄瑕錄用／弃瑕录用
洗垢匿瑕
滌瑕／涤瑕
滌瑕蕩垢／涤瑕荡垢
滌瑕蕩穢／涤瑕荡秽
滌穢蕩瑕／涤秽荡瑕
潔白無瑕／洁白无瑕
無瑕／无瑕 (wúxiá)
無瑕可擊／无瑕可击
瑜不掩瑕
瑕不掩瑜 (xiábùyǎnyú)
瑕玷
瑕瑜
瑕瑜互見／瑕瑜互见
瑕疵 (xiácī)
瑕謫／瑕谪
瑕釁／瑕衅
疵瑕
白玉微瑕
白玉有瑕
白玉無瑕／白玉无瑕
白璧之瑕
白璧微瑕 (báibì-wēixiá)
白璧無瑕／白璧无瑕 (báibì-wúxiá)
美玉無瑕／美玉无瑕
蕩瑕滌穢／荡瑕涤秽
赤瑕

Japanese

Kanji

瑕

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: か (ka)
Kun: きず (kizu, 瑕); なんぞ (nanzo, 瑕ぞ)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
瑕
か Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 瑕 (MC hae).

Affix

瑕(か) • (ka)

blemish, flaw

Derived terms

瑕(か)瑾(きん), 瑕(か)瑾(きん) (kakin)
瑕(か)疵(し) (kashi)
細(さい)瑕(か) (saika)
疵(し)瑕(か) (shika)
小(しょう)瑕(か) (shōka)
微(び)瑕(か) (bika)

Noun

瑕(か) • (ka)

a flaw

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
瑕
きず Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 瑕 – see the following entry.

【傷きず】6

[noun] any form of shallow wound: an injury, cut, scar

[noun] any kind of light damage: a chip, scratch, blemish, stain

Alternative spellings
疵, 創, キズ

(This term, 瑕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

瑕(きず)に玉(たま) (kizu ni tama)
玉(たま)に瑕(きず) (tama ni kizu)

Korean

Hanja

瑕 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese

Etymology

Attested phonetically as 岐受 in the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794.[1][2]

From Proto-Japonic *kensu; the mid-vowel is reconstructed on the basis of the Southern Ryukyuan cognates.

Noun

瑕 (ki₁zu)

any form of shallow wound: a blemish, injury, scar
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 897:
  ...世間能宇計久都良計久伊等能伎提痛伎瘡爾波鹹塩遠灌知布何其等久...
  yo₂no₂naka no₂ uke₁ku turake₁ku ito₂ no₂ ki₁te itaki₁ ki₁zu ni pa karasipo wo so₂so₂ku tipu ga go₂to₂ku...
  In this world of gloom and hardship like a painful wound being poured with salt...
any kind of light damage: a crack, flaw, scratch
- 720, Nihon Shoki, Age of the gods, part 1:
  , Kitano-bon glosses:[2]
  是時、以_レ鏡入_二其石窟_一者、觸_レ戸小瑕。其瑕於_レ秡今猶存。
  At this time, when the mirror was set in the rock-cave, it makes contact with the door with a slight crack. This damage remains to this day.

Derived terms

小瑕 (ko₁ki₁zu)

Descendants

Japanese: 傷 (kizu)

References

Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 241
“きず【傷・疵・瑕・創】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) ‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)

Vietnamese

Han character

瑕: Hán Nôm readings: hà

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[JDB-1] Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 241

[KDJ2O-2] “きず【傷・疵・瑕・創】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) ‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)