shika

See also: shíká

Japanese

Romanization

shika

  1. Rōmaji transcription of しか

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-shika (infinitive kushika)

  1. to hold, possess
  2. to arrest
  3. to stick, adhere

Conjugation
Conjugation of -shika
Positive present -nashika
Subjunctive -shike
Negative -shiki
Imperative singular shika
Infinitives
Positive kushika
Negative kutoshika
Imperatives
Singular shika
Plural shikeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushika
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishika
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushika
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashika)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashika/nashika tunashika
2nd person unashika mnashika
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashika wanashika
other classes positive subject concord + -nashika
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shiki)
Singular Plural
1st person sishiki hatushiki
2nd person hushiki hamshiki
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashiki hawashiki
other classes negative subject concord + -shiki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashika
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashika
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shike)
Singular Plural
1st person nishike tushike
2nd person ushike mshike
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashike washike
other classes positive subject concord + -shike
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishike
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshika
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshika
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishika
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishika
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashika)
Singular Plural
1st person nashika twashika
2nd person washika mwashika
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashika washika
m-mi(III/IV) washika yashika
ji-ma(V/VI) lashika yashika
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashika vyashika
n(IX/X) yashika zashika
u(XI) washika see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashika
pa(XVI) pashika
mu(XVIII) mwashika
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshika
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashika
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashika
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishika
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhika
Consecutive kashika / positive subject concord + -kashika
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashike
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishika -tushika
2nd person -kushika -washika/-kushikeni/-washikeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshika -washika
m-mi(III/IV) -ushika -ishika
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishika -yashika
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishika -vishika
n(IX/X) -ishika -zishika
u(XI) -ushika see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushika
pa(XVI) -pashika
mu(XVIII) -mushika
Reflexive -jishika
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shika- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shikaye -shikao
m-mi(III/IV) -shikao -shikayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shikalo -shikayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shikacho -shikavyo
n(IX/X) -shikayo -shikazo
u(XI) -shikao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shikako
pa(XVI) -shikapo
mu(XVIII) -shikamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shika)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshika -oshika
m-mi(III/IV) -oshika -yoshika
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshika -yoshika
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshika -vyoshika
n(IX/X) -yoshika -zoshika
u(XI) -oshika see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshika
pa(XVI) -poshika
mu(XVIII) -moshika
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -shikia
    • Causative: -shikisha
    • Passive: -shikwa
    • Reciprocal: -shikana
    • Stative: -shikika
    • Static: -shikamana (“cohere, stick together”)
    • Other formations: -shika hatamu (“to take control, to lead”)
  • Nominal derivations:
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