未嘗

See also: 未尝

Chinese

		not yet; 8th earthly branch; 1–3 p.m.	to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense; already; ever; once; test; formerly
trad. (未嘗)		未	嘗
simp. (未尝)		未	尝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèicháng

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁶ soeng⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bī-sióng / bī-siáng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèicháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèicháng
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴-chʻang²
  - Yale: wèi-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weycharng
  - Palladius: вэйчан (vɛjčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    未嘗／未尝
    胃腸／胃肠
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁶ soeng⁴
  - Yale: meih sèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ soeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ sêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² sœːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-sióng
  - Tâi-lô: bī-sióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiorng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-siáng
  - Tâi-lô: bī-siáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ siaŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: mj+jH dzyang

Rime
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	微 (21)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	無沸切	市羊切
Baxter	mj+jH	dzyang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉi^H/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɨi^H/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/miuəi^H/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muj^H/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/miuəi^H/	/ʑiaŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭwəi^H/	/ʑĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mwe̯i^H/	/ʑi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	cháng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁶	soeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s Cə.daŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mɯds djaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	cháng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjɨj^H ›	‹ dzyang ›
Old Chinese	/*m[ə]t-s/	/*Cə.daŋ/
English	not yet	taste (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	未	嘗
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12917	11153
Phonetic component	未	尚
Rime group	隊	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	未	常
Old Chinese	/*mɯds/	/*djaŋ/
Notes	從屮從木與芔字同根，陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝	同甞

Adverb

未嘗

(literary) not ever
- 君臣，未嘗相弒也；禮樂刑法政俗，未嘗相變也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  君臣，未尝相弑也；礼乐刑法政俗，未尝相变也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Jūnchén, wèicháng xiàng shì yě; lǐyuè xíngfǎ zhèngsú, wèicháng xiàng biàn yě. [Pinyin]
  Its rulers and ministers never killed one another, Its rites, music, punishments, laws, governmental proceedings, manners and customs never changed.
- 先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不歎息痛恨於桓、靈也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 227 CE. 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表
  Xiāndì zài shí, měi yǔ chén lùn cǐ shì, wèicháng bù tànxī tònghèn yú Huán, Líng yě. [Pinyin]
  When the late Emperor was still alive, every time he discussed these matters with his servant, there was never a time when he did not sigh and feel distress and regret concerning the practices of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling.
(literary) not necessarily

Synonyms

(not ever): 不曾 (bùcéng), 未始 (wèishǐ), (Hokkien, Teochew) 毋捌 (m̄ bat)
(not necessarily):

不一定 (bùyīdìng)
不必 (bùbì)
不見得／不见得 (bùjiàndé)
唔一定 (m⁴ jat¹ ding⁶) (Cantonese)
未始 (wèishǐ) (literary)
未必 (wèibì)
未必然 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
未見得／未见得 (uei⁴ jienn⁴ de⁶) (Xiang)
無一定／无一定 (Hokkien)
無定著／无定著 (Min Nan)
無拄拄／无拄拄 (Hokkien)
無的確／无的确 (Min Nan)

References

“前出師表 [Former Memorial on the Case to Go to War]”, in Baidu Baike [Baidu Encyclopedia]‎ (in Chinese) (wiki), 2022 May 2, retrieved January 8, 2024

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