恥

See also: 耻
恥 U+6065, 恥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6065
← 恤
[U+6064] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恦 →
[U+6066]

Translingual

Han character

恥 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸十心 (SJP), four-corner 13100, composition ⿰耳心)

Derived characters
  • 𠺨, 𮝡, 𢟛

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10585
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6065

Chinese
trad. 恥/耻
simp. 耻

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 恥
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (耳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佴 *nɯːs, *njɯs
麛 *miː
弭 *mniʔ
渳 *mniʔ
葞 *mniʔ
髶 *njis, *njoŋ
聻 *nɯʔ
恥 *n̥ʰɯʔ
咡 *njɯ, *njɯs
誀 *njɯ, *njɯs
耳 *njɯʔ
洱 *njɯʔ, *njɯs
駬 *njɯʔ
餌 *njɯs
珥 *njɯs
衈 *njɯs
毦 *njɯs
刵 *njɯs
眲 *njɯs, *rnɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰɯʔ) : phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ni (“red”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese နီ (ni, “red”), 怩 (OC *nil, “ashamed”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 恥
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Qingdao /tʃʰz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹²/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Taoyuan /tʃʰï³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰi³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰi⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰi³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰi²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡si²¹³/
/sun²¹³/ 訓蠢
Rime
Character 恥
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 徹 (10)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 敕里切
Baxter trhiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈʰɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈʰɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶʰieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈʰɨX/
Li
Rong		 /ȶʰiəX/
Wang
Li		 /ȶʰĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶʰiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ci2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 恥
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trhiX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥rəʔ/
English shame; ashamed

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恥
Reading # 1/1
No. 2780
Phonetic
component		 耳
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 恥
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ʰɯʔ/

Definitions

恥

  1. (literary) to humiliate; to put to shame
  2. shame; disgrace; humiliation
    Synonym: 恥辱／耻辱 (chǐrǔ)
    體壇之恥／体坛之耻  ―  tǐtán zhī chǐ  ―  disgrace to the sports world
  3. ashamed
    Synonym: 羞愧 (xiūkuì)

Compounds

See also

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji
恥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. shame
  2. embarrassment

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
恥
はじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
耻

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *pantuy.

Pronunciation

Noun

恥(はじ) • (haji) ←はぢ (fadi)?

  1. shame

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

恥 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恥: Hán Nôm readings: xỉ, sỉ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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