幫

See also: 帮 and 幇

幫	U+5E6B, 幫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E6B

← 幪
[U+5E6A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

幬 →
[U+5E6C]

Translingual

Traditional	幫
Shinjitai	幇
Simplified	帮

Han character

幫 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土戈竹日月 (GIHAB), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿱封帛)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 337, character 23

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9125

Dae Jaweon: page 644, character 28

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 756, character 15

Unihan data for U+5E6B

Chinese

trad.		幫
simp.		帮
2nd round simp.		邦
alternative forms		幇幚鞤縍／𫄰䩷幇幚鞤縍／𫄰䩷㿶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (封) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
幫	*paːŋ
鞤	*paːŋ
封	poŋ, poŋs
葑	poŋ, poŋs
犎	*poŋ
崶	*poŋ
湗	*poŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋ) : phonetic 封 (OC *poŋ, *poŋs) + semantic 帛 (“silk”) – the upper part of a shoe (鞋幫).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bāng (bang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄤ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bang¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бон (bon, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bong¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bong¹, bong^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): bong¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pông

(Meixian, Guangdong): bong¹
Jin (Wiktionary): bon¹
Northern Min (KCR): bó̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): bŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pang / png / pn̂g / pn̄g / pong

(Teochew, Peng'im): bang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹paon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ban¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bang
  - Wade–Giles: pang¹
  - Yale: bāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bang
  - Palladius: бан (ban)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bang¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бон (bon, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bong¹
  - Yale: bōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bong¹, bong^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔŋ³³/, /pɔŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Note: bong1* - “group, gang”.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pông
  - Hakka Romanization System: bong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /poŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pɔŋ⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bon¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɒ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bó̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pouŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pang
  - Tâi-lô: pang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pafng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /paŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /paŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: png
  - Tâi-lô: png
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: pn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pngg
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pŋ̍¹³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pn̄g
  - Tâi-lô: pn̄g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: png
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pŋ̍²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pong
  - Tâi-lô: pong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

pang - literary, to help (Mainland China), gang, classifier for group of people (Mainland China), classifier for scheduled transportation, classifier for batches;
png/pn̂g/pn̄g - vernacular, to supplement, to participate in betting, to sublet, to expand;
pong - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹paon
  - MiniDict: paon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹paan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɑ̃⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pɑ̃⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ban¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pan³³/

Middle Chinese: pang

Rime
Character	幫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	博旁切
Baxter	pang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paŋ/
Li Rong	/pɑŋ/
Wang Li	/pɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bong¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*paːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幫
Reading #	1/1
No.	3251
Phonetic component	封
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	幫
Old Chinese	/*paːŋ/
Notes	段玉裁雲源自䋽

Definitions

幫

the sides of an object (particularly a shoe)
船幫／船帮 ― chuánbāng ― shipboard
to help; to assist; to aid
gang; faction; group
福建幫／福建帮 [Cantonese] ― fuk¹ gin³ bong¹ [Jyutping] ― Fujian gang
(informal, derogatory) Classifier for groups of people.
一幫孩子／一帮孩子 ― yī bāng háizǐ ― a bunch of children

一幫土匪／一帮土匪 ― yī bāng tǔfěi ― a gang of bandits
(dialectal) for
幫我買件衫／帮我买件衫 [Cantonese] ― bong¹ ngo⁵ maai⁵ gin⁶ saam¹ [Jyutping] ― buy a shirt for me
(Shanghainese) and; with
我幫儂到商場去。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
我帮侬到商场去。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
⁶ngu ¹paon ⁶non ⁵tau ¹saon-zan-chi [Wugniu]
I'll go to the shopping mall with you.
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 幫 (MC pang)
(Hokkien) Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.
(Hokkien) Classifier for batches of letters, bulk deliveries, etc.
(Mainland China Hokkien) to supplement (on the side)
(Xiamen Hokkien) to participate in or to depend partially or entirely on betting, contests, etc. for profit
Synonym: 班 (bān)
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to sublet; to sublease
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to expand; to enlarge; to extend

Synonyms

(to help):

佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
使勁／使劲 (shǐjìn)
加勢／加势 (jiāshì)
助 (zhù)
助力 (zhùlì)
助理 (zhùlǐ)
助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
協助／协助 (xiézhù)
參佐／参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
幫助／帮助 (bāngzhù)
幫同／帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
幫寸／帮寸 (bāngcùn)
幫帶／帮带 (bāngdài)
幫忙／帮忙 (bāngmáng)
幫手／帮手 (bong¹ sau²) (Cantonese)
幫扶／帮扶 (bāngfú)
幫襯／帮衬 (bāngchèn)
幫贈／帮赠 (Hokkien)
扶
扶助 (fúzhù)
扶持 (fúchí)
扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
拉巴 (dialectal)
挺 (tǐng)
援助 (yuánzhù)
𢯭手 (Hakka)
支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
支持 (zhīchí)
支援 (zhīyuán)
救 (jiù)
相幫／相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
聲援／声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
補益／补益 (bǔyì)
補臺／补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
贈力／赠力 (Hokkien)
贈助／赠助 (Hokkien)
贊喙／赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
贈手／赠手 (Hokkien)
贊聲／赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
輔助／辅助 (fǔzhù)
陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
鬥幫贈／斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
鬥相共／斗相共 (Hokkien)
鬥跤手／斗跤手 (Hokkien)
鬥跤搭／斗跤搭 (Hokkien)

(for):

Dialectal synonyms of 替 (“for”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		替, 為
Mandarin	Beijing	給, 替
	Taiwan	給, 替
	Jinan	給, 替
	Xi'an	替, 給
	Wuhan	跟, 幫
	Chengdu	幫, 給, 跟
	Yangzhou	代, 替
	Hefei	代, 幫
	Singapore	替
Cantonese	Guangzhou	同, 幫
	Hong Kong	同, 幫
	Yangjiang	替, 幐
Gan	Nanchang	跟, 幫
Hakka	Meixian	同, 代
Jin	Taiyuan	替, 給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	替, 幫
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	替, 共
Southern Min	Xiamen	替, 共
	Quanzhou	共
	Zhangzhou	共
	Tainan	替, 共
	Singapore (Hokkien)	替, 共
	Chaozhou	代, 個
Wu	Shanghai	幫, 搭
	Suzhou	替, 搭
	Wenzhou	代
Xiang	Changsha	幫, 跟, 代
Xiang	Shuangfeng	幫

(and):

Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Mandarin	Beijing	跟, 和
	Taiwan	跟, 和
	Yantai (Muping)	和
	Jinan	和, 跟, 給
	Wanrong	和
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	連
	Xi'an	跟, 連
	Yinchuan	連
	Lanzhou	跟, 和
	Xining	帶, 和
	Ürümqi	跟, 連, 和
	Wuhan	跟
	Chengdu	跟, 給, 和
	Guiyang	跟, 同, 和
	Guilin	跟, 和
	Liuzhou	跟, 同, 和
	Xuzhou	給
	Yangzhou	跟, 交
	Nanjing	告, 跟
	Hefei	跟
	Malaysia	和, 跟
	Singapore	和, 跟
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	帶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	同, 同埋
	Hong Kong	同, 同埋
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	同
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	同
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	同
	Macau	同, 同埋
	Taishan	同埋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	同, 同埋
	Dongguan	同, 同埋
	Yangjiang	鄧, 同
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	同
	Penang (Guangfu)	同
	Singapore (Guangfu)	同
Gan	Nanchang	跟, 同
	Lichuan	和
	Pingxiang	同, 跟
Hakka	Meixian	同, 摎
	Yudu	澗
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	摎
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	同
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	摎
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	同
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	摎
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	和
	Hong Kong	摎
	Kuching (Hepo)	佮
Huizhou	Jixi	搭
Jin	Taiyuan	和, 跟
Jin	Xinzhou	給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	邀
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	邀, 儉, 教
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	邀
	Pucheng (Shibei)	邀, 跟
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	共
	Changle	共
	Fuqing	共
	Yongtai	共
	Gutian	共
	Fu'an	共
	Ningde	共
	Shouning	隨
	Zhouning	傮, 共
	Fuding	跟
Southern Min	Xiamen	佮, 交
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	佮
	Quanzhou	佮, 交
	Zhangzhou	佮
	Tainan	佮
	Penang (Hokkien)	佮
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佮
	Manila (Hokkien)	佮, 交
	Chaozhou	佮, 共
	Shantou	佮
	Jieyang	佮
	Singapore (Teochew)	佮
	Pontianak (Teochew)	佮
	Leizhou	共
	Wenchang	共
	Haikou	共
	Qionghai	共
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	同, 同埋
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	跟, 邀
Wu	Shanghai	脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	搭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	脫
	Suzhou	搭, 搭仔
	Danyang	同, 跟
	Hangzhou	同
	Ningbo	搭, 搭仔
	Wenzhou	伉
	Jinhua	亨, 跟
Xiang	Changsha	跟
	Loudi	跟
	Shuangfeng	跟, 同

(to sublet): 分租

Compounds

一幫／一帮
丐幫／丐帮 (gàibāng)
不幫襯／不帮衬
告幫／告帮
單幫／单帮 (dānbāng)
四人幫／四人帮 (sìrénbāng)
在幫／在帮
大力幫忙／大力帮忙
大幫／大帮
客幫／客帮
幫丁／帮丁
幫亂／帮乱
幫伙 (bānghuǒ)
幫住／帮住
幫個場子／帮个场子
幫倒忙／帮倒忙 (bāng dào máng)
幫傭／帮佣 (bāngyōng)
幫兒／帮儿
幫冬／帮冬
幫凶 (bāngxiōng)
幫別／帮别
幫助／帮助 (bāngzhù)
幫匪／帮匪
幫口／帮口
幫嘴／帮嘴
幫夥／帮伙
幫套／帮套 (bāngtào)
幫子／帮子 (bāngzi)
幫寸／帮寸 (bāngcùn)
幫工／帮工 (bānggōng)
幫帖／帮帖
幫廚／帮厨 (bāngchú)
幫忙／帮忙 (bāngmáng)
幫懶鑽閑／帮懒钻闲
幫手／帮手 (bāngshǒu)
幫教／帮教 (bāngjiào)
幫會／帮会 (bānghuì)
幫派／帮派 (bāngpài)
幫浦／帮浦 (bāngpǔ)
幫湊／帮凑 (bāngcòu)
幫狗吃食／帮狗吃食
幫班／帮班
幫腔／帮腔 (bāngqiāng)
幫興／帮兴
幫虎吃食／帮虎吃食
幫補／帮补 (bāngbǔ)
幫襯／帮衬 (bāngchèn)
幫貧／帮贫 (bāngpín)
幫辦／帮办 (bāngbàn)
幫門戶／帮门户
幫閑／帮闲
幫閑鑽懶／帮闲钻懒
廝幫／厮帮
廣府幫／广府帮
拉幫／拉帮
搭幫／搭帮
撂地幫／撂地帮
洪幫／洪帮 (Hóngbāng)
清幫／清帮
牙幫骨／牙帮骨
相幫／相帮 (xiāngbāng)
穿幫／穿帮 (chuānbāng)
紅幫／红帮 (Hóngbāng)
腮幫子／腮帮子 (sāibāngzi)
船幫／船帮 (chuánbāng)
落地幫／落地帮
行幫／行帮 (hángbāng)
訪山幫／访山帮
走單幫／走单帮
跑單幫／跑单帮 (pǎodānbāng)
鑽懶幫閑／钻懒帮闲
開幫／开帮
青幫／青帮 (Qīngbāng)
鞋幫／鞋帮 (xiébāng)
馬幫／马帮
黑幫／黑帮 (hēibāng)

References

“幫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #12170”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

幫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 幇)

Kyūjitai form of 幇

Readings

On (unclassified): ほう (hō)

Kun: たすける (tasukeru, 幫ける)

Usage notes

This character form is rarely used in Japan. See 幇 instead.

Korean

Hanja

幫 (eumhun 도울 방 (doul bang))

Hanja form^? of 방 (“help”).

Vietnamese

Han character

幫: Hán Nôm readings: bang

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