حبر

From the root ح ب ر (ḥ-b-r). Senses related to ink, writing, and discoloration are from Etymology 3 (see below).

حَبَرَ • (ḥabara) I, non-past يَحْبُرُ‎ (yaḥburu) (transitive)

1. to make happy; to elate

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:make happy

   Hyponyms: كَرَّمَ (karrama), نَعَّمَ (naʕʕama), رَفَّهَ (raffaha), أَرَاحَ (ʔarāḥa)

2. to ink, to fill, cover, smear, mark, write, draw, illustrate, or outline with ink
   1. to write

      Synonyms: كَتَبَ (kataba), نَمَقَ (namaqa)

3. (dated) to improve the overall quality of (a text, a performance, a skill, and so on), to refine, to polish; to perfect

   Synonym: حَسَّنَ (ḥassana)

4. (dated) to improve the shape, form, style, structure, or composition of (handwriting, voice, and so on), to beautify; to embellish; to pretty

   Synonym: جَمَّلَ (jammala)

   1. to improve in aspect or appearance, to make visually pleasing, to deck, to decorate, to ornament

      Synonyms: زَيَّنَ (zayyana), نَمَّقَ (nammaqa), زَوَّقَ (zawwaqa)

   2. to pattern (a garment); to embroider

      Synonyms: نَقَشَ (naqaša), طَرَّزَ (ṭarraza), وَشَّى (waššā)

حَبِرَ • (ḥabira) I, non-past يَحْبَرُ‎ (yaḥbaru) (intransitive)

1. to be or become glad or happy, to cheer up, to brighten

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ar:become happy

2. (of teeth) to become discolored (as if stained with ink), to become dark, to yellow

حَبْر • (ḥabr) m

1. verbal noun of حَبَرَ (ḥabara) (form I)

Denominal verb of حِبْر (ḥibr, “ink”). Senses related to improvement, perfection, and embellishment are from or influenced by the root ح ب ر (ḥ-b-r) (see above).

حَبَّرَ • (ḥabbara) II, non-past يُحَبِّرُ‎ (yuḥabbiru) (transitive)

1. to ink, to fill, cover, smear, mark, write, draw, illustrate, or outline with ink
   1. to write (especially in an elegant style), to compose

      Synonym: نَمَّقَ (nammaqa)

2. (dated) to better or improve in quality, appearance, etc. to enhance; to polish up; to perfect
   1. (dated) to prettify; to bedeck, to adorn

Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܒܪܐ (ḥeḇrā, “ink”), from the root ܚ-ܒ-ܪ (ḥ-b-r) related to darkness. Merged with the root ح ب ر (ḥ-b-r).

حِبْر • (ḥibr) m (plural أَحْبَار (ʔaḥbār))

1. ink

   Synonyms: مِدَاد (midād), نِقْس (niqs)

   Holonyms: مِحْبَرَة (miḥbara), دَوَاة (dawāh)

2. beauty

From Hebrew חָבֵר (ḥaḇér, “comrade”) in a specific meaning as used for sectarian cadres. Merged with Etymology 3 by analogy with the use of ink by religious clerks and scribes, hence "a man of learning", hence "a scholarly theologian", hence "an authority in matters of religion".

حَبْر or حِبْر • (ḥabr or ḥibr) m (plural أَحْبَار (ʔaḥbār)) (countable)

1. (broadly) a scholar (especially one that is highly regarded and respected by a certain group and is deemed to be an authority)
   1. (with ال (al-, “the”)) the Scholar (one of the titles and designations of Ibn Abbas, one of companions of Muhammad)
2. (religion, chiefly Abrahamism) a well-versed religious scribe; a learned theologian; a religious authority
   1. (Christianity) a bishop

      Synonym: أُسْقُف (ʔusquf)

   2. (Judaism) a rabbi

      Synonyms: حَاخَام (ḥāḵām), حَكِيم (ḥakīm)

   3. (Islam) an esteemed authoritative theologian, an imam

      Synonyms: إِمَام (ʔimām), مَرْجَع (marjaʕ), مُقَلَّد (muqallad)

• Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 84, page 20
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 247
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎ (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 61
• Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, page 48

From Arabic حِبْر (ḥibr).

• IPA^(key): /ħɪ.bɪr/

حبر • (ḥibir) m (before il- حِبْر (ḥibr), plural احبار (aḥbār))

1. ink

From Arabic حِبْر (ḥibr).

• IPA^(key): /ħi.bir/, [ħɪ.bɪr]

حبر • (ḥibir) m (construct state حِبْر (ḥibr), plural أحبار (ʔaḥbār))

1. ink