vuka

See also: Vuka

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -vuka, from Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

vuka

  1. to wake up
  2. to rise

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

  1. to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vuka

  1. genitive/accusative singular of vuk

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

  1. to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-vuka (infinitive kuvuka)

  1. to cross, to cross over

Conjugation
Conjugation of -vuka
Positive present -navuka
Subjunctive -vuke
Negative -vuki
Imperative singular vuka
Infinitives
Positive kuvuka
Negative kutovuka
Imperatives
Singular vuka
Plural vukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvuka
Positive past positive subject concord + -livuka
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navuka)
Singular Plural
1st person ninavuka/navuka tunavuka
2nd person unavuka mnavuka
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavuka wanavuka
other classes positive subject concord + -navuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vuki)
Singular Plural
1st person sivuki hatuvuki
2nd person huvuki hamvuki
3rd person m-wa(I/II) havuki hawavuki
other classes negative subject concord + -vuki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavuka
Negative future negative subject concord + -tavuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vuke)
Singular Plural
1st person nivuke tuvuke
2nd person uvuke mvuke
3rd person m-wa(I/II) avuke wavuke
other classes positive subject concord + -vuke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivuke
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevuka
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevuka
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivuka
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avuka)
Singular Plural
1st person navuka twavuka
2nd person wavuka mwavuka
3rd person m-wa(I/II) avuka wavuka
m-mi(III/IV) wavuka yavuka
ji-ma(V/VI) lavuka yavuka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavuka vyavuka
n(IX/X) yavuka zavuka
u(XI) wavuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwavuka
pa(XVI) pavuka
mu(XVIII) mwavuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevuka
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshavuka
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -javuka
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kivuka
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipovuka
Consecutive kavuka / positive subject concord + -kavuka
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavuke
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nivuka -tuvuka
2nd person -kuvuka -wavuka/-kuvukeni/-wavukeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvuka -wavuka
m-mi(III/IV) -uvuka -ivuka
ji-ma(V/VI) -livuka -yavuka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivuka -vivuka
n(IX/X) -ivuka -zivuka
u(XI) -uvuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuvuka
pa(XVI) -pavuka
mu(XVIII) -muvuka
Reflexive -jivuka
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vuka- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -vukaye -vukao
m-mi(III/IV) -vukao -vukayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -vukalo -vukayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vukacho -vukavyo
n(IX/X) -vukayo -vukazo
u(XI) -vukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -vukako
pa(XVI) -vukapo
mu(XVIII) -vukamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vuka)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yevuka -ovuka
m-mi(III/IV) -ovuka -yovuka
ji-ma(V/VI) -lovuka -yovuka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovuka -vyovuka
n(IX/X) -yovuka -zovuka
u(XI) -ovuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kovuka
pa(XVI) -povuka
mu(XVIII) -movuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Nominal derivations:
    • kivuko (“bridge or crossing”)

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vuka

  1. to wake up
  2. to get up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

  1. (intransitive) to wake up

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jíbʊka (“to rise”).

Verb

-vúka

  1. (intransitive) to wake up, to awaken
  2. (intransitive) to rise from the dead, to be resurrected
  3. (intransitive) to rise, to get up
  4. (intransitive) to get into a rage

Inflection
Tone H
Infinitive ukuvuka
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuvuka ukungavuki
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular vuka -vuke
Plural vukani -vukeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyavuka, ngivuka engivukayo, engivuka ngivuka angivuki engingavuki ngingavuki
2nd singular uyavuka, uvuka ovukayo, ovuka uvuka awuvuki ongavuki ungavuki
1st plural siyavuka, sivuka esivukayo, esivuka sivuka asivuki esingavuki singavuki
2nd plural niyavuka, nivuka enivukayo, enivuka nivuka anivuki eningavuki ningavuki
Class 1 uyavuka, uvuka ovukayo, ovuka evuka akavuki ongavuki engavuki
Class 2 bayavuka, bavuka abavukayo, abavuka bevuka abavuki abangavuki bengavuki
Class 3 uyavuka, uvuka ovukayo, ovuka uvuka awuvuki ongavuki ungavuki
Class 4 iyavuka, ivuka evukayo, evuka ivuka ayivuki engavuki ingavuki
Class 5 liyavuka, livuka elivukayo, elivuka livuka alivuki elingavuki lingavuki
Class 6 ayavuka, avuka avukayo, avuka evuka awavuki angavuki engavuki
Class 7 siyavuka, sivuka esivukayo, esivuka sivuka asivuki esingavuki singavuki
Class 8 ziyavuka, zivuka ezivukayo, ezivuka zivuka azivuki ezingavuki zingavuki
Class 9 iyavuka, ivuka evukayo, evuka ivuka ayivuki engavuki ingavuki
Class 10 ziyavuka, zivuka ezivukayo, ezivuka zivuka azivuki ezingavuki zingavuki
Class 11 luyavuka, luvuka oluvukayo, oluvuka luvuka aluvuki olungavuki lungavuki
Class 14 buyavuka, buvuka obuvukayo, obuvuka buvuka abuvuki obungavuki bungavuki
Class 15 kuyavuka, kuvuka okuvukayo, okuvuka kuvuka akuvuki okungavuki kungavuki
Class 17 kuyavuka, kuvuka okuvukayo, okuvuka kuvuka akuvuki okungavuki kungavuki
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngivukile, ngivukē engivukile, engivukē ngivukile, ngivukē angivukanga engingavukanga ngingavukanga
2nd singular uvukile, uvukē ovukile, ovukē uvukile, uvukē awuvukanga ongavukanga ungavukanga
1st plural sivukile, sivukē esivukile, esivukē sivukile, sivukē asivukanga esingavukanga singavukanga
2nd plural nivukile, nivukē enivukile, enivukē nivukile, nivukē anivukanga eningavukanga ningavukanga
Class 1 uvukile, uvukē ovukile, ovukē evukile, evukē akavukanga ongavukanga engavukanga
Class 2 bavukile, bavukē abavukile, abavukē bevukile, bevukē abavukanga abangavukanga bengavukanga
Class 3 uvukile, uvukē ovukile, ovukē uvukile, uvukē awuvukanga ongavukanga ungavukanga
Class 4 ivukile, ivukē evukile, evukē ivukile, ivukē ayivukanga engavukanga ingavukanga
Class 5 livukile, livukē elivukile, elivukē livukile, livukē alivukanga elingavukanga lingavukanga
Class 6 avukile, avukē avukile, avukē evukile, evukē awavukanga angavukanga engavukanga
Class 7 sivukile, sivukē esivukile, esivukē sivukile, sivukē asivukanga esingavukanga singavukanga
Class 8 zivukile, zivukē ezivukile, ezivukē zivukile, zivukē azivukanga ezingavukanga zingavukanga
Class 9 ivukile, ivukē evukile, evukē ivukile, ivukē ayivukanga engavukanga ingavukanga
Class 10 zivukile, zivukē ezivukile, ezivukē zivukile, zivukē azivukanga ezingavukanga zingavukanga
Class 11 luvukile, luvukē oluvukile, oluvukē luvukile, luvukē aluvukanga olungavukanga lungavukanga
Class 14 buvukile, buvukē obuvukile, obuvukē buvukile, buvukē abuvukanga obungavukanga bungavukanga
Class 15 kuvukile, kuvukē okuvukile, okuvukē kuvukile, kuvukē akuvukanga okungavukanga kungavukanga
Class 17 kuvukile, kuvukē okuvukile, okuvukē kuvukile, kuvukē akuvukanga okungavukanga kungavukanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāvuka engāvuka ngāvuka angivukanga engingavukanga ngingavukanga
2nd singular wāvuka owāvuka wāvuka awuvukanga ongavukanga ungavukanga
1st plural sāvuka esāvuka sāvuka asivukanga esingavukanga singavukanga
2nd plural nāvuka enāvuka nāvuka anivukanga eningavukanga ningavukanga
Class 1 wāvuka owāvuka āvuka akavukanga ongavukanga engavukanga
Class 2 bāvuka abāvuka bāvuka abavukanga abangavukanga bengavukanga
Class 3 wāvuka owāvuka wāvuka awuvukanga ongavukanga ungavukanga
Class 4 yāvuka eyāvuka yāvuka ayivukanga engavukanga ingavukanga
Class 5 lāvuka elāvuka lāvuka alivukanga elingavukanga lingavukanga
Class 6 āvuka āvuka āvuka awavukanga angavukanga engavukanga
Class 7 sāvuka esāvuka sāvuka asivukanga esingavukanga singavukanga
Class 8 zāvuka ezāvuka zāvuka azivukanga ezingavukanga zingavukanga
Class 9 yāvuka eyāvuka yāvuka ayivukanga engavukanga ingavukanga
Class 10 zāvuka ezāvuka zāvuka azivukanga ezingavukanga zingavukanga
Class 11 lwāvuka olwāvuka lwāvuka aluvukanga olungavukanga lungavukanga
Class 14 bāvuka obāvuka bāvuka abuvukanga obungavukanga bungavukanga
Class 15 kwāvuka okwāvuka kwāvuka akuvukanga okungavukanga kungavukanga
Class 17 kwāvuka okwāvuka kwāvuka akuvukanga okungavukanga kungavukanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingavuka — ngingavuka ngingevuke — ngingevuke
2nd singular ungavuka — ungavuka ungevuke — ungevuke
1st plural singavuka — singavuka singevuke — singevuke
2nd plural ningavuka — ningavuka ningevuke — ningevuke
Class 1 angavuka — engavuka angevuke — engevuke
Class 2 bangavuka — bengavuka bangevuke — bengevuke
Class 3 ungavuka — ungavuka ungevuke — ungevuke
Class 4 ingavuka — ingavuka ingevuke — ingevuke
Class 5 lingavuka — lingavuka lingevuke — lingevuke
Class 6 angavuka — engavuka angevuke — engevuke
Class 7 singavuka — singavuka singevuke — singevuke
Class 8 zingavuka — zingavuka zingevuke — zingevuke
Class 9 ingavuka — ingavuka ingevuke — ingevuke
Class 10 zingavuka — zingavuka zingevuke — zingevuke
Class 11 lungavuka — lungavuka lungevuke — lungevuke
Class 14 bungavuka — bungavuka bungevuke — bungevuke
Class 15 kungavuka — kungavuka kungevuke — kungevuke
Class 17 kungavuka — kungavuka kungevuke — kungevuke
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizovuka engizovuka ngizovuka angizuvuka engingezuvuka ngingezuvuka
2nd singular uzovuka ozovuka uzovuka awuzuvuka ongezuvuka ungezuvuka
1st plural sizovuka esizovuka sizovuka asizuvuka esingezuvuka singezuvuka
2nd plural nizovuka enizovuka nizovuka anizuvuka eningezuvuka ningezuvuka
Class 1 uzovuka ozovuka ezovuka akazuvuka ongezuvuka engezuvuka
Class 2 bazovuka abazovuka bezovuka abazuvuka abangezuvuka bengezuvuka
Class 3 uzovuka ozovuka uzovuka awuzuvuka ongezuvuka ungezuvuka
Class 4 izovuka ezovuka izovuka ayizuvuka engezuvuka ingezuvuka
Class 5 lizovuka elizovuka lizovuka alizuvuka elingezuvuka lingezuvuka
Class 6 azovuka azovuka ezovuka awazuvuka angezuvuka engezuvuka
Class 7 sizovuka esizovuka sizovuka asizuvuka esingezuvuka singezuvuka
Class 8 zizovuka ezizovuka zizovuka azizuvuka ezingezuvuka zingezuvuka
Class 9 izovuka ezovuka izovuka ayizuvuka engezuvuka ingezuvuka
Class 10 zizovuka ezizovuka zizovuka azizuvuka ezingezuvuka zingezuvuka
Class 11 luzovuka oluzovuka luzovuka aluzuvuka olungezuvuka lungezuvuka
Class 14 buzovuka obuzovuka buzovuka abuzuvuka obungezuvuka bungezuvuka
Class 15 kuzovuka okuzovuka kuzovuka akuzuvuka okungezuvuka kungezuvuka
Class 17 kuzovuka okuzovuka kuzovuka akuzuvuka okungezuvuka kungezuvuka
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyovuka engiyovuka ngiyovuka angiyuvuka engingeyuvuka ngingeyuvuka
2nd singular uyovuka oyovuka uyovuka awuyuvuka ongeyuvuka ungeyuvuka
1st plural siyovuka esiyovuka siyovuka asiyuvuka esingeyuvuka singeyuvuka
2nd plural niyovuka eniyovuka niyovuka aniyuvuka eningeyuvuka ningeyuvuka
Class 1 uyovuka oyovuka eyovuka akayuvuka ongeyuvuka engeyuvuka
Class 2 bayovuka abayovuka beyovuka abayuvuka abangeyuvuka bengeyuvuka
Class 3 uyovuka oyovuka uyovuka awuyuvuka ongeyuvuka ungeyuvuka
Class 4 iyovuka eyovuka iyovuka ayiyuvuka engeyuvuka ingeyuvuka
Class 5 liyovuka eliyovuka liyovuka aliyuvuka elingeyuvuka lingeyuvuka
Class 6 ayovuka ayovuka eyovuka awayuvuka angeyuvuka engeyuvuka
Class 7 siyovuka esiyovuka siyovuka asiyuvuka esingeyuvuka singeyuvuka
Class 8 ziyovuka eziyovuka ziyovuka aziyuvuka ezingeyuvuka zingeyuvuka
Class 9 iyovuka eyovuka iyovuka ayiyuvuka engeyuvuka ingeyuvuka
Class 10 ziyovuka eziyovuka ziyovuka aziyuvuka ezingeyuvuka zingeyuvuka
Class 11 luyovuka oluyovuka luyovuka aluyuvuka olungeyuvuka lungeyuvuka
Class 14 buyovuka obuyovuka buyovuka abuyuvuka obungeyuvuka bungeyuvuka
Class 15 kuyovuka okuyovuka kuyovuka akuyuvuka okungeyuvuka kungeyuvuka
Class 17 kuyovuka okuyovuka kuyovuka akuyuvuka okungeyuvuka kungeyuvuka
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngivuke ngingavuki
2nd singular uvuke ungavuki
1st plural sivuke singavuki
2nd plural nivuke ningavuki
Class 1 avuke angavuki
Class 2 bavuke bangavuki
Class 3 uvuke ungavuki
Class 4 ivuke ingavuki
Class 5 livuke lingavuki
Class 6 avuke angavuki
Class 7 sivuke singavuki
Class 8 zivuke zingavuki
Class 9 ivuke ingavuki
Class 10 zivuke zingavuki
Class 11 luvuke lungavuki
Class 14 buvuke bungavuki
Class 15 kuvuke kungavuki
Class 17 kuvuke kungavuki
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngavuka ngangavuka, angavuka, angangavuka
2nd singular wavuka wangavuka, awavuka, awangavuka
1st plural savuka sangavuka, asavuka, asangavuka
2nd plural navuka nangavuka, anavuka, anangavuka
Class 1 wavuka wangavuka, akavuka, akangavuka
Class 2 bavuka bangavuka, abavuka, abangavuka
Class 3 wavuka wangavuka, awavuka, awangavuka
Class 4 yavuka yangavuka, ayavuka, ayangavuka
Class 5 lavuka langavuka, alavuka, alangavuka
Class 6 avuka angavuka, awavuka, awangavuka
Class 7 savuka sangavuka, asavuka, asangavuka
Class 8 zavuka zangavuka, azavuka, azangavuka
Class 9 yavuka yangavuka, ayavuka, ayangavuka
Class 10 zavuka zangavuka, azavuka, azangavuka
Class 11 lwavuka lwangavuka, alwavuka, alwangavuka
Class 14 bavuka bangavuka, abavuka, abangavuka
Class 15 kwavuka kwangavuka, akwavuka, akwangavuka
Class 17 kwavuka kwangavuka, akwavuka, akwangavuka

Derived terms
  • -vukela (applicative)
  • -vukisa, -vusa (causative)
  • -vukeka (neuter-passive)
  • -vukwa (passive)
  • -vukile (stative)
  • ivuka
  • imvuka
  • umvuka
  • uvuko

References
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