tukana

Estonian

Noun

tukana

  1. essive singular of tukk

Nheengatu

Alternative forms
  • tukanu

Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi tukana, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãT, from Proto-Tupian *jɯokãT.

Noun

tukana

  1. toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)

Old Tupi
tukana (Ramphastos toco)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãT, from Proto-Tupian *jɯokãT,[1][2] of onomatopoeic origin.

Compare Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní tukã, Wayampi tukã.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tuˈkã.na/
  • Rhymes: -ãna
  • Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na

Noun

tukana (unpossessable)

  1. toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  1. Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 569
  2. Warý Kamaiurá (2012 March 2) Awetí e Tupí-Guaraní, relações genéticas e contato linguístico‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, pages 35–36

Swahili

Etymology

rom Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-tukana (infinitive kutukana)

  1. to abuse, insult

Conjugation
Conjugation of -tukana
Positive present -natukana
Subjunctive -tukane
Negative -tukani
Imperative singular tukana
Infinitives
Positive kutukana
Negative kutotukana
Imperatives
Singular tukana
Plural tukaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutukana
Positive past positive subject concord + -litukana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutukana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natukana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatukana/natukana tunatukana
2nd person unatukana mnatukana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatukana wanatukana
other classes positive subject concord + -natukana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tukani)
Singular Plural
1st person situkani hatutukani
2nd person hutukani hamtukani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatukani hawatukani
other classes negative subject concord + -tukani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatukana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatukana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tukane)
Singular Plural
1st person nitukane tutukane
2nd person utukane mtukane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atukane watukane
other classes positive subject concord + -tukane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situkane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetukana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetukana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitukana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitukana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atukana)
Singular Plural
1st person natukana twatukana
2nd person watukana mwatukana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atukana watukana
m-mi(III/IV) watukana yatukana
ji-ma(V/VI) latukana yatukana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatukana vyatukana
n(IX/X) yatukana zatukana
u(XI) watukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatukana
pa(XVI) patukana
mu(XVIII) mwatukana
Perfect positive subject concord + -metukana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatukana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatukana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitukana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotukana
Consecutive katukana / positive subject concord + -katukana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katukane
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitukana -tutukana
2nd person -kutukana -watukana/-kutukaneni/-watukaneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtukana -watukana
m-mi(III/IV) -utukana -itukana
ji-ma(V/VI) -litukana -yatukana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitukana -vitukana
n(IX/X) -itukana -zitukana
u(XI) -utukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutukana
pa(XVI) -patukana
mu(XVIII) -mutukana
Reflexive -jitukana
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tukana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tukanaye -tukanao
m-mi(III/IV) -tukanao -tukanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tukanalo -tukanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tukanacho -tukanavyo
n(IX/X) -tukanayo -tukanazo
u(XI) -tukanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tukanako
pa(XVI) -tukanapo
mu(XVIII) -tukanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tukana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetukana -otukana
m-mi(III/IV) -otukana -yotukana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotukana -yotukana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotukana -vyotukana
n(IX/X) -yotukana -zotukana
u(XI) -otukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotukana
pa(XVI) -potukana
mu(XVIII) -motukana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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