sop
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /sɒp/
- Rhymes: -ɒp
Audio (Southern England) (file)
Etymology 1
From Middle English sop, soppe, sope, from Old English sopa (“sopped bread”), from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare Dutch sop, Old High German sopfa), deverbative of *sūpaną (“to sup”). More at sup; compare soup.
Noun
sop (countable and uncountable, plural sops)
- Something entirely soaked.
- c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], column 1:
- The bounded Waters, / Should lift their boſomes higher then the Shores, / And make a ſoppe of all this ſolid Globe:
- A piece of solid food to be soaked in liquid food.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 13:26, column 1:
- […] Hee it is to whom I ſhall giue a ſoppe, when I haue dipped it.
- 1631, Francis [Bacon], “VIII. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], paragraph 726, page 182, →OCLC:
- […] Sops in Wine, (Quantitie for Quantitie,) inebriate more, than Wine of it ſelfe.
- (figurative) Ellipsis of sop to Cerberus; something given or done to pacify or bribe.
- 1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] LXXXVIII. A Man Bit by a Dog.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 85:
- Ill Nature, in fine, is not to be Cur’d with a Sop; but on the contrary, Quarrelſome Men, as well as Quarrelſome Currs are worſe for fair Uſage.
- 1996, Bernard Knox, Introduction to Robert Fagles's translation of The Odyssey:
- The suggested petrification of the ship is a sop to gratify Poseidon and compensate him for a concession--the Phaeacians will not be cut off from the sea.
- 2020, Robert Kagan, “China’s dangerous Taiwan temptation”, in Washington Post:
- That agreement, with its lofty promises of “one country, two systems,” was a fig leaf, as most knew at the time — a sop to Western consciences guilty for condemning the people of Hong Kong to their ultimate fate as wards of Beijing. What is happening today is exactly what was predicted and exactly what Chinese leaders intended. Our outrage, while appropriate, is also embarrassing.
- (derogatory) Ellipsis of milksop; a weak, easily frightened or ineffectual person.
- (Appalachia) Gravy.
- (obsolete) A thing of little or no value.
- 1988 August 20, Rex Wockner, “Nobody Can Do It Like The USA”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 6, page 5:
- Here, in Barcelona, your streets are alive at night, you walk, you eat for hours, you interact, you share your minds. Americans watch their 91 channels of superficial satellite sop. The whole country and everything you've ever believed about it really functions only on the surface.
- A piece of turf placed in the road as a target for a throw in road bowling.
Alternative forms
- soppe (obsolete)
Derived terms
Translations
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Verb
sop (third-person singular simple present sops, present participle sopping, simple past and past participle sopped)
- (transitive) To steep or dip in any liquid.
- 1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 29:
- A messe of milke sopt with white bread.
- 1928, Newman Ivey White, American Negro Folk-Songs, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, page 227:
- When I die, don't bury me deep, / Put a jug of 'lasses at my feet, / And a piece of corn bread in my hand, / Gwine to sop my way to the promised land.
- 1945 December 27, Emily Post, “Sopping Bread May Be Done”, in The Spokesman-Review:
- So again let me say that sopping bread into gravy can be done properly merely by putting a piece down on the gravy and then soaking it with the help of a knife and fork as though it were any other food. But taking a soft piece of bread and pushing it under the sauce with your fingers, submerging them as well as the bread, or even wiping the plate with it would be very bad manners indeed.
- (intransitive) To soak in, or be soaked; to percolate.
Derived terms
Translations
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Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch sop, from Middle Dutch sop (“soup”), from Old Dutch *sop, from Proto-Germanic *suppą.
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch sop (“soup”), from Old Dutch *sop, from Proto-Germanic *suppą. In the sense “water with soap” it is a shortening of zeepsop.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔp/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: sop
- Rhymes: -ɔp
Noun
Derived terms
- afwassop
- in zijn eigen sop gaar laten koken
- soppen
- zeepsop
Descendants
- Afrikaans: sop
Indonesian
Irish
Noun
Declension
Derived terms
- dul chun soip
- sop de dhuine
- sop reaca
- sop siúirdín
- sop siúirlín
- sop srathrach
- sopachán
- sopaireacht
- sopán
- sopcheann
- sopóg
- tuidín soip
Verb
sop (present analytic sopann, future analytic sopfaidh, verbal noun sopadh, past participle soptha)
- (transitive) light with straw
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | sopaim | sopann tú; sopair† |
sopann sé, sí | sopaimid | sopann sibh | sopann siad; sopaid† |
a shopann; a shopas / a sopann*; a sopas* |
soptar |
past | shop mé; shopas | shop tú; shopais | shop sé, sí | shopamar; shop muid | shop sibh; shopabhair | shop siad; shopadar | a shop / ar shop* |
sopadh | |
past habitual | shopainn / sopainn‡‡ | shoptá / soptᇇ | shopadh sé, sí / sopadh sé, s퇇 | shopaimis; shopadh muid / sopaimis‡‡; sopadh muid‡‡ | shopadh sibh / sopadh sibh‡‡ | shopaidís; shopadh siad / sopaidís‡‡; sopadh siad‡‡ | a shopadh / a sopadh* |
shoptaí / sopta퇇 | |
future | sopfaidh mé; sopfad |
sopfaidh tú; sopfair† |
sopfaidh sé, sí | sopfaimid; sopfaidh muid |
sopfaidh sibh | sopfaidh siad; sopfaid† |
a shopfaidh; a shopfas / a sopfaidh*; a sopfas* |
sopfar | |
conditional | shopfainn / sopfainn‡‡ | shopfá / sopfᇇ | shopfadh sé, sí / sopfadh sé, s퇇 | shopfaimis; shopfadh muid / sopfaimis‡‡; sopfadh muid‡‡ | shopfadh sibh / sopfadh sibh‡‡ | shopfaidís; shopfadh siad / sopfaidís‡‡; sopfadh siad‡‡ | a shopfadh / a sopfadh* |
shopfaí / sopfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go sopa mé; go sopad† |
go sopa tú; go sopair† |
go sopa sé, sí | go sopaimid; go sopa muid |
go sopa sibh | go sopa siad; go sopaid† |
— | go soptar |
past | dá sopainn | dá soptá | dá sopadh sé, sí | dá sopaimis; dá sopadh muid |
dá sopadh sibh | dá sopaidís; dá sopadh siad |
— | dá soptaí | |
imperative | sopaim | sop | sopadh sé, sí | sopaimis | sopaigí; sopaidh† |
sopaidís | — | soptar | |
verbal noun | sopadh | ||||||||
past participle | soptha |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
sop | shop after an, tsop |
not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sop”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 180, page 91
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 9, page 7
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sop”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “sop” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “sop” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Middle English
Noun
sop
- small amount of food
- c. 1370-1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman
- And if he soupeth, eteth but a sop
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 1370-1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman
Swedish
Noun
sop c
Declension
Declension of sop | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | sop | sopen | sopar | soparna |
Genitive | sops | sopens | sopars | soparnas |
See also
References
West Frisian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “sop”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West Uvean
References
- Claire Moyse-Faurie, Borrowings from Romance languages in Oceanic languages, in Aspects of Language Contact (2008, →ISBN