sedeo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sedēō, from earlier *sedējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-éh₁-ye-ti (eh₁-stative), from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, the same root as sīdō (“I settle, I sink down”).

Cognates include Sanskrit सीदति (sī́dati), Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (English sit).

Pronunciation

Verb

sedeō (present infinitive sedēre, perfect active sēdī, supine sessum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive

  1. to sit, to be seated
  2. to sit in an official seat; sit in council or court, hold court, preside
  3. to keep the field, remain encamped
  4. to settle or sink down, subside
  5. to sit still; remain, tarry, stay, abide, linger, loiter; sit around
  6. (figuratively) to hold or hang fast or firm; to be established, settled, fixed, determined, resolved
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.15:
      “Sī mihi nōn animō fīxum immōtumque sedēret, [...].”
      “If for me it were not resolved — in my mind, fixed and immovable — [...].”
  7. (Medieval Latin, Ibero-Romance) to be
    Pueri claustrales et bachalarii descendant in fine scalæ dormitorii, et illic sedeant.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

This verb lacks almost all passive forms. Only the third-person singular passive forms are known.

   Conjugation of sedeō (second conjugation, impersonal in passive)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sedeō sedēs sedet sedēmus sedētis sedent
imperfect sedēbam sedēbās sedēbat sedēbāmus sedēbātis sedēbant
future sedēbō sedēbis sedēbit sedēbimus sedēbitis sedēbunt
perfect sēdī sēdistī sēdit sēdimus sēdistis sēdērunt,
sēdēre
pluperfect sēderam sēderās sēderat sēderāmus sēderātis sēderant
future perfect sēderō sēderis sēderit sēderimus sēderitis sēderint
passive present — — sedētur — — —
imperfect — — sedēbātur — — —
future — — sedēbitur — — —
perfect — — sessum est — — —
pluperfect — — sessum erat — — —
future perfect — — sessum erit — — —
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present sedeam sedeās sedeat sedeāmus sedeātis sedeant
imperfect sedērem sedērēs sedēret sedērēmus sedērētis sedērent
perfect sēderim sēderīs sēderit sēderīmus sēderītis sēderint
pluperfect sēdissem sēdissēs sēdisset sēdissēmus sēdissētis sēdissent
passive present — — sedeātur — — —
imperfect — — sedērētur — — —
perfect — — sessum sit — — —
pluperfect — — sessum esset,
sessum foret		 — — —
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — sedē — — sedēte —
future — sedētō sedētō — sedētōte sedentō
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives sedēre sēdisse sessūrum esse sedērī sessum esse —
participles sedēns — sessūrus — sessum sedendum
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
sedendī sedendō sedendum sedendō sessum sessū

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: shed
    • Istro-Romanian: șed
    • Megleno-Romanian: șǫd
    • Romanian: ședea
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Padanian:
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance (subsequently merged into descendants of essere)
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: seer
    • Old Spanish: seer
  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian: sèdere, sèere, sei, sèiri, sere

References
  • “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sedeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre
    • (ambiguous) to sit with folded arms; to be inactive: compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13)
    • (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere
    • (ambiguous) the seat of war, theatre of operations: belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31)
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