rukwa

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-rukwa (infinitive kurukwa)

  1. Passive form of -ruka

Conjugation
Conjugation of -rukwa
Positive present -narukwa
Subjunctive -rukwe
Negative -rukwi
Imperative singular rukwa
Infinitives
Positive kurukwa
Negative kutorukwa
Imperatives
Singular rukwa
Plural rukweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurukwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -lirukwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kurukwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narukwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninarukwa/narukwa tunarukwa
2nd person unarukwa mnarukwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarukwa wanarukwa
other classes positive subject concord + -narukwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -rukwi)
Singular Plural
1st person sirukwi haturukwi
2nd person hurukwi hamrukwi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) harukwi hawarukwi
other classes negative subject concord + -rukwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarukwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tarukwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -rukwe)
Singular Plural
1st person nirukwe turukwe
2nd person urukwe mrukwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arukwe warukwe
other classes positive subject concord + -rukwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirukwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerukwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerukwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirukwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirukwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arukwa)
Singular Plural
1st person narukwa twarukwa
2nd person warukwa mwarukwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arukwa warukwa
m-mi(III/IV) warukwa yarukwa
ji-ma(V/VI) larukwa yarukwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) charukwa vyarukwa
n(IX/X) yarukwa zarukwa
u(XI) warukwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwarukwa
pa(XVI) parukwa
mu(XVIII) mwarukwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -merukwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -mesharukwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarukwa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kirukwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -siporukwa
Consecutive karukwa / positive subject concord + -karukwa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karukwe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nirukwa -turukwa
2nd person -kurukwa -warukwa/-kurukweni/-warukweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrukwa -warukwa
m-mi(III/IV) -urukwa -irukwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lirukwa -yarukwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirukwa -virukwa
n(IX/X) -irukwa -zirukwa
u(XI) -urukwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kurukwa
pa(XVI) -parukwa
mu(XVIII) -murukwa
Reflexive -jirukwa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -rukwa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -rukwaye -rukwao
m-mi(III/IV) -rukwao -rukwayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -rukwalo -rukwayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -rukwacho -rukwavyo
n(IX/X) -rukwayo -rukwazo
u(XI) -rukwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -rukwako
pa(XVI) -rukwapo
mu(XVIII) -rukwamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -rukwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yerukwa -orukwa
m-mi(III/IV) -orukwa -yorukwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lorukwa -yorukwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorukwa -vyorukwa
n(IX/X) -yorukwa -zorukwa
u(XI) -orukwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -korukwa
pa(XVI) -porukwa
mu(XVIII) -morukwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Verbal derivations:
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