pirkadat
Hungarian
Etymology
First attested in 1876. pirkad (“[of dawn] to break”, originally: “to become red”) + -at (noun-forming suffix), cognate to the stem of piros (“red”) and pirít (“to toast, roast, grill”), with -k (archaic instantaneous suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpirkɒdɒt]
- Hyphenation: pir‧ka‧dat
- Rhymes: -ɒt
Usage notes
Adverbs of temporal nouns (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time) | |
---|---|
no suffix (the noun can act as an adverb) | nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”) |
-kor (“at”) | pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.) |
-ban/-ben (“in”) | dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods |
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) | days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”) |
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) | tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”) |
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pirkadat | pirkadatok |
accusative | pirkadatot | pirkadatokat |
dative | pirkadatnak | pirkadatoknak |
instrumental | pirkadattal | pirkadatokkal |
causal-final | pirkadatért | pirkadatokért |
translative | pirkadattá | pirkadatokká |
terminative | pirkadatig | pirkadatokig |
essive-formal | pirkadatként | pirkadatokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | pirkadatban | pirkadatokban |
superessive | pirkadaton | pirkadatokon |
adessive | pirkadatnál | pirkadatoknál |
illative | pirkadatba | pirkadatokba |
sublative | pirkadatra | pirkadatokra |
allative | pirkadathoz | pirkadatokhoz |
elative | pirkadatból | pirkadatokból |
delative | pirkadatról | pirkadatokról |
ablative | pirkadattól | pirkadatoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
pirkadaté | pirkadatoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
pirkadatéi | pirkadatokéi |
Possessive forms of pirkadat | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | pirkadatom | pirkadataim |
2nd person sing. | pirkadatod | pirkadataid |
3rd person sing. | pirkadata | pirkadatai |
1st person plural | pirkadatunk | pirkadataink |
2nd person plural | pirkadatotok | pirkadataitok |
3rd person plural | pirkadatuk | pirkadataik |
References
- pirkadat in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- pirkadat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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