laumu

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic لَوْم (lawm).

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-laumu (infinitive kulaumu)

  1. to blame

Conjugation
Conjugation of -laumu
Positive present -nalaumu
Subjunctive -laumu
Negative -laumu
Imperative singular laumu
Infinitives
Positive kulaumu
Negative kutolaumu
Imperatives
Singular laumu
Plural laumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hulaumu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lilaumu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kulaumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalaumu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninalaumu/nalaumu tunalaumu
2nd person unalaumu mnalaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) analaumu wanalaumu
other classes positive subject concord + -nalaumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -laumu)
Singular Plural
1st person silaumu hatulaumu
2nd person hulaumu hamlaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) halaumu hawalaumu
other classes negative subject concord + -laumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -talaumu
Negative future negative subject concord + -talaumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -laumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nilaumu tulaumu
2nd person ulaumu mlaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) alaumu walaumu
other classes positive subject concord + -laumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silaumu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelaumu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelaumu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilaumu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilaumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alaumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nalaumu twalaumu
2nd person walaumu mwalaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) alaumu walaumu
m-mi(III/IV) walaumu yalaumu
ji-ma(V/VI) lalaumu yalaumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalaumu vyalaumu
n(IX/X) yalaumu zalaumu
u(XI) walaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwalaumu
pa(XVI) palaumu
mu(XVIII) mwalaumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -melaumu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshalaumu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalaumu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kilaumu
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipolaumu
Consecutive kalaumu / positive subject concord + -kalaumu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalaumu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nilaumu -tulaumu
2nd person -kulaumu -walaumu/-kulaumuni/-walaumuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mlaumu -walaumu
m-mi(III/IV) -ulaumu -ilaumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lilaumu -yalaumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kilaumu -vilaumu
n(IX/X) -ilaumu -zilaumu
u(XI) -ulaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kulaumu
pa(XVI) -palaumu
mu(XVIII) -mulaumu
Reflexive -jilaumu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -laumu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -laumuye -laumuo
m-mi(III/IV) -laumuo -laumuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -laumulo -laumuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -laumucho -laumuvyo
n(IX/X) -laumuyo -laumuzo
u(XI) -laumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -laumuko
pa(XVI) -laumupo
mu(XVIII) -laumumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -laumu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yelaumu -olaumu
m-mi(III/IV) -olaumu -yolaumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lolaumu -yolaumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholaumu -vyolaumu
n(IX/X) -yolaumu -zolaumu
u(XI) -olaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kolaumu
pa(XVI) -polaumu
mu(XVIII) -molaumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
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