jesti

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /jêsti/
  • Hyphenation: je‧sti

Verb

jȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling је̏сти)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to eat, consume

Conjugation
Conjugation of jesti
Infinitive: jesti Present verbal adverb: jȅdūći Past verbal adverb: jȅdāvši Verbal noun: jȅdēnje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present jedem jedeš jede jedemo jedete jedu
Future Future I jest ću1
ješću		 jest ćeš1
ješćeš		 jest će1
ješće		 jest ćemo1
ješćemo		 jest ćete1
ješćete		 jest će1
ješće
Future II bȕdēm jeo2 bȕdēš jeo2 bȕdē jeo2 bȕdēmo jeli2 bȕdēte jeli2 bȕdū jeli2
Past Perfect jeo sam2 jeo si2 jeo je2 jeli smo2 jeli ste2 jeli su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam jeo2 bȉo si jeo2 bȉo je jeo2 bíli smo jeli2 bíli ste jeli2 bíli su jeli2
Aorist jedoh jede jede jedosmo jedoste jedoše
Imperfect jedijah / jeđah jedijaše / jeđaše jedijaše / jeđaše jedijasmo / jeđasmo jedijaste / jeđaste jedijahu / jeđahu
Conditional I jeo bih2 jeo bi2 jeo bi2 jeli bismo2 jeli biste2 jeli bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih jeo2 bȉo bi jeo2 bȉo bi jeo2 bíli bismo jeli2 bíli biste jeli2 bíli bi jeli2
Imperative — jedi — jedimo jedite —
Active past participle jeo m / jela f / jelo n jeli m / jele f / jela n
Passive past participle jeden m / jedena f / jedeno n jedeni m / jedene f / jedena n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Further reading
  • Pero Budmani, editor (1892-1897), “jȅsti”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika‎ (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 4, Zagreb: JAZU, page 622

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /jèːsti/

Verb

jẹ́sti impf

  1. to eat

Inflection
Athematic
infinitive jẹ́sti
1st singular jẹ́m
infinitive jẹ́sti jẹ̑st, jȅst
supine jẹ̑st
verbal noun jẹ́denje
participle converb
present jedọ̄č —
past — —
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular jẹ̑dəł jẹ́dla jẹ́dlo
dual jẹ́dla jẹ́dli jẹ́dli
plural jẹ́dli jẹ́dle jẹ́dla
present imperative
1st singular jẹ́m —
2nd singular jẹ́š jȅj, jẹ̑j
3rd singular jẹ́ —
1st dual jẹ́va jẹ̑jva
2nd dual jẹ́sta jẹ̑jta
3rd dual jẹ́sta —
1st plural jẹ́mo jẹ̑jmo
2nd plural jẹ́ste jẹ̑jte
3rd plural jedọ́, jéjo —

Derived terms

Further reading
  • “jesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • Maks Pleteršnik, editor (1894), “jẹ́sti”, in Slovensko-nemški slovar (in Slovene), volume 1, Ljubljana: Knezoškofijstvo, page 367
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