jak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "jak"

English

Noun

jak (plural jaks)

  1. Alternative form of jack (the tree Mangifera caesia)

Anagrams

Acehnese

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ɟaʔ/

Verb

jak

  1. to walk; to go

References

Albanian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jak]

Noun

jak m (plural jakë, definite jaku, definite plural jakët)

  1. (zoology) yak; (domesticated) wild ox

Further reading

  • m. noun jak (engl. yak) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈjak]
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech jak, from Proto-Slavic *jako (how, in which way).

Adverb

jak

  1. how
    Jak se máš/máte?How are you?
    Jak to jde?How's it going?

Conjunction

jak

  1. as
    jak Petr tak Pavelboth Peter and Paul
    jak se do lesa volá, tak se z lesa ozýváas you call into the forest, you hear from the forest; what goes around comes around

See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag),[1] from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Noun

jak m anim

  1. yak (mammal)
Declension
Derived terms

References

  1. "jak²" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, electronic version, Leda, 2007

Further reading

  • jak in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • jak in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • jak in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑk/
  • Hyphenation: jak
  • Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Alternative forms

Noun

jak m (plural jaks, diminutive jakje n)

  1. yak, the ox-like Himalayan bovine, Bos grunniens
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Cognate with English jacket.

Noun

jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)

  1. tight upper body garment
Descendants
  • Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)

Garo

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /d͡ʒak/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (hand; arm). Cognate with Narua lak (hand).

Noun

jak

  1. hand
  2. arm
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (leaf).

Noun

jak

  1. leaf

Classifier

jak

  1. used with leaves

Hungarian

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɒk]
  • Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun

jak (plural jakok)

  1. yak

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative jak jakok
accusative jakot jakokat
dative jaknak jakoknak
instrumental jakkal jakokkal
causal-final jakért jakokért
translative jakká jakokká
terminative jakig jakokig
essive-formal jakként jakokként
essive-modal
inessive jakban jakokban
superessive jakon jakokon
adessive jaknál jakoknál
illative jakba jakokba
sublative jakra jakokra
allative jakhoz jakokhoz
elative jakból jakokból
delative jakról jakokról
ablative jaktól jakoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
jaké jakoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
jakéi jakokéi
Possessive forms of jak
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. jakom jakjaim
2nd person sing. jakod jakjaid
3rd person sing. jakja jakjai
1st person plural jakunk jakjaink
2nd person plural jakotok jakjaitok
3rd person plural jakjuk jakjaik

Derived terms

Expressions

Kalo Finnish Romani

Noun

jak f (genitive jakkako, nominative plural jakka, genitive plural jakkengo)

  1. (anatomy) eye

Derived terms

  • jakkako botnos
  • jakkako diiben
  • jakkako duk
  • jakkako jaaro
  • jakkako makkiba
  • jakkako čenstakiero

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (how, in which way).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
  • Syllabification: jak

Adverb

jak (not comparable)

  1. how

Conjunction

jak

  1. how

Further reading

  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “jak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi
  • jak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Lashi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /d͡ʑak/

Noun

jak

  1. machine

References

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Malay

Adverb

jak

  1. (Pontianak) Alternative spelling of sahaja (only)

Middle English

Noun

jak

  1. Alternative form of jakke

Norwegian Bokmål

A Tibetan yak in its natural habitat.

Etymology

From languages such as English yak, German Jak or French yak, all from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag, yak), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (sheep, yak).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jak/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Hyphenation: jak
  • Homophone: jakk

Noun

jak m (definite singular jaken, indefinite plural jaker, definite plural jakene)

  1. a yak (an ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane; scientific name Bos grunniens)

References

  • “jak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
  • “jak” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
  • jak” in Store norske leksikon

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈjak/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈjak/

Adverb

jak

  1. Alternative form of jako.

Conjunction

jak

  1. Alternative form of jako.

Descendants

References

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (how, in which way). First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /jak/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /jak/

Adverb

jak

  1. adverbial interrogative; how (in what way)
  2. adverbial relational; as, like (in a similar way)
  3. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 7:
      A thak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wsak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)
      [A tak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wszak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)]

Conjunction

jak

  1. introduces a conditional; if
  2. introduces a temporal clause; when

Descendants

References

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jak/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjak/
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Syllabification: jak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish jak.

Pronoun

jak

  1. how
    Jak masz na imię?What's your name? (informal)
    Jak się masz?How are you? (informal)
    Jak to zrobiłeś?How did you do that?
adverb
pronoun

Conjunction

jak

  1. as
    Jak widać, jeszcze nie skończyłam.As you can see, I haven't finished yet.
    Jego ojciec jest silny jak wół.His father is strong as an ox.
  2. like
    Wyglądasz jak obcokrajowiec.You look like a foreigner.
  3. (colloquial) when; replaces kiedy, gdy
    Jak byłem w lesie, to widziałem niedźwiedzia.When I was in the forest, I saw a bear.
  4. (colloquial) if; replaces jeśli, jeżeli
    Jak będziesz dalej tak robiła, to w końcu cię rzuci.If you keep doing that, he'll eventually dump you.
  5. (colloquial) than; replaces niż
    Typ nie miał więcej jak metr sześćdziesiąt.The guy was no taller than five feet three.
  6. as much as possible, used with a superlative
    Zrobię to jak najszybciej.I'll do it as soon as possible.

See also

Etymology 2

jak

Borrowed from English yak.

Noun

jak m animal

  1. yak (ox-like mammal)
Declension

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 375 times in scientific texts, 247 times in news, 343 times in essays, 530 times in fiction, and 756 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2251 times, making it the 18th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

  1. Ida Kurcz (1990) “jak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

Further reading

  • jak I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • jak II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • jak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “jako, jak, jeko”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • JAK I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
  • JAK II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
  • JAK III”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 26.03.2020
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “jak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 126

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jakъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jâːk/

Adjective

jȃk (definite jȃkī, comparative jȁčī, Cyrillic spelling ја̑к)

  1. strong
    Synonyms: silan, snažan
Declension

Further reading

  • jak” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Etymology 2

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jâk/

Noun

jȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ја̏к)

  1. yak (ox-like mammal)
Declension

Further reading

  • jak” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Silesian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish jak.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Syllabification: jak

Pronoun

jak

  1. how

Adverb

jak

  1. comparative as
    Synonyms: choby, choćby
  2. as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)
  3. as well as
  4. when
    Synonyms: kedy, kej
  5. than
    Synonyms: aniżeli, niż
  6. if
    Synonyms: dy, ejźli, eli, eźli, gdy, jeli, jeźli, jeźli

Further reading

  • jak in dykcjonorz.eu
  • jak in silling.org

Slovak

Etymology

Derived from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (sheep, yak).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jak]

Noun

jak m anim (genitive singular jaka, nominative plural jaky, genitive plural jakov, declension pattern of dub)

  1. yak

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

  • jak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jáːk/

Noun

jȃk m anim

  1. yak (ox-like mammal)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing. ják
gen. sing. jáka
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)
ják jáka jáki
genitive
(rodȋlnik)
jáka jákov jákov
dative
(dajȃlnik)
jáku jákoma jákom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)
jáka jáka jáke
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)
jáku jákih jákih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)
jákom jákoma jáki

Further reading

  • jak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • jak”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Slovincian

Alternative forms

  • jakô

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (how, in which way).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjak/
  • Syllabification: jak

Adverb

jak (not comparable)

  1. (interrogative) how

Conjunction

jak

  1. as, like
  2. (in comparisons) like; than

Further reading

Swedish

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑːk/

Noun

jak c

  1. a yak, an ox-like mammal

Declension

Declension of jak 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative jak jaken jakar jakarna
Genitive jaks jakens jakars jakarnas

Synonyms

  • grymtoxe
  • jakmjölk

References

Anagrams

Volapük

Etymology

From English shark.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʃak]

Noun

jak (nominative plural jaks)

  1. shark

Declension

Derived terms

  • hijak
  • jijak
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