isuna

Ilocano

Etymology

From isu + -na.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /iˈsuna/, [iˈsuː.na]
  • Hyphenation: i‧su‧na

Pronoun

isúna

  1. Third-person singular absolutive independent pronoun; he, she, him, her, it
    Synonym: isu
    Kayatmo nga ayabak isuna? ― Do you want me to call him/her?
  2. the same, the identical thing, the one
    Synonym: isu
    Ti libro nga daytoy ket isuna ti nabasak idi kalman.
    This book was the one I read yesterday.

Usage notes
  • This pronoun does not have an absolutive enclitic form. It is optional to add the pronoun (where grammatical) for clarification.
    Sumrek. ― (He/she/it) went in.
    Sumrek isuna. ― He/she/it went in.

Derived terms
  • is-isuna
  • isuna laeng
  • isuna laeng ta

See also
Ilocano personal pronouns
Person Number Absolutive Ergative Oblique Possessive
Disjunctive Enclitic Enclitic3 bági form kukua form
First singular siak -ak -ko, -k kaniak bagik kukuak, kuak
dual data, sita1 -ta kaniata, kadata bagita kukuata
plural inclusive datayo, sitayo1 -tayo, -tay kaniatayo, kadatayo bagitayo kukuatayo
plural exclusive dakami, sikami1 -kami, -kam -mi kaniami, kadakami bagimi kukuami
Second singular sika -ka -mo, -m kaniam, kenka bagim kukuam
plural dakayo, sikayo1 -kayo, -kay -yo kaniayo, kadakayo bagiyo kukuayo
Third singular isu, isuna Ø2 -na kaniana, kenkuana bagina kukuana
plural isuda -da kaniada, kadakuada bagida kukuada
1Regional variants.
2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used.
3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers.
Fused enclitics
Actor Patient
siak data datayo dakami sika dakayo isu5 isuda
siak bagik4 — — — -ka -kayo -ko, -k -ko ida, -k ida
data — bagita4 — — — — -ta -ta ida
datayo — — bagitayo4 — — — -tayo -tayo ida
dakami — — — bagimi4 -daka -dakayo -mi -mi ida
sika -nak — — -nakami bagim4 — -mo, -m -mo ida, -m ida
dakayo -dak -data — -dakami — bagiyo4 -yo -yo ida
isu -nak -nata -natayo -nakami -naka -nakayo bagina4, -na -na ida
isuda -dak -data -datayo -dakami -daka -dakayo -da bagida4, -da ida
4Reflexive pronouns use the bagí form.
5 isu or isuna may also be added after the enclitics in this column.
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