got
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
- UK
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɒt/
- (Standard Southern British) IPA(key): /ɡɔt/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
- US
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɡɑt/
Audio (US) (file) - (New England, Boston) IPA(key): /ɡʌt/, /ɡɒt/
- Australia / New Zealand
- (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɡɔt/
Audio (AU) (file)
- Rhymes: -ɒt
Verb
got (third-person singular simple present got or (nonstandard) gots, no present participle, simple past (by suppletion) had, no past participle)
- Expressing obligation; used with have.
- I can’t go out tonight: I’ve got to study for my exams.
- (colloquial, with to) Must; have/has (to).
- I got to go study.
- 1971, Carole King, Gerry Goffin (lyrics and music), “Smackwater Jack”, in Tapestry, Ode Records:
- We got to ride to clean up the streets / For our wives and our daughters!
- (colloquial, regional or nonstandard) Have/has.
- They got a new car.
- He got a lot of nerve.
Verb
got
Usage notes
- (expressing obligation): "Got" is a filler word in the following example with no obvious grammatical or semantic function: "I've got to study for my exams" has the same meaning as "I have to study for my exams". It is often stressed in speech: "You've just got to see this."
- (have): In nonstandard speech, "got" may be reinterpreted as a regular present tense, so that the form gots appears in the third-person singular present, e.g. She gots a red bike.
- (past participle of get): The second sentence literally means "At some time in the past I got (obtained) two children", but in "have got" constructions like this, where "got" is used in the sense of "obtained", the sense of obtaining is lost, becoming merely one of possessing, and the sentence is in effect just a more colloquial way of saying "I have two children". Similarly, the third sentence is just a more colloquial way of saying "How many children do you have?"
- (past participle of get): The American and archaic British usage of the verb conjugates as get-got-gotten or as get-got-got depending on the meaning (see Usage Notes on "get" for details), whereas the modern British usage of the verb has mostly lost this distinction and conjugates as get-got-got in most cases.
Synonyms
- (must, have (to)): gotta (informal)
Etymology 2
Analogous to Chinese 有, such as Hokkien 有 (ū), Cantonese 有 (jau5), Mandarin 有 (yǒu). Sense 1 is also comparable to Malay ada.
Verb
got (indeclinable)
- (Singlish, Manglish) Have; there is (indicates possession or existence).
- Got problem is it?
- Got ants over here.
- 1999, Alfian Sa'at, Corridor, Singapore: SNP Editions, →OCLC, page 122:
- “Got lighter or not?”
- 2010, Haresh Sharma, Those Who Can't, Teach, Epigram Books, Act II, scene iv:
- She sure got a lot of costume change, make-up, wig long long…
- (Singlish, auxiliary) Marks the completive or experiential aspect.
- You got shower? ― Have you showered?
- I got ski. ― I went skiing.
- I got ski before. ― I have skied before.
- I got go Taiwan next year. ― I’m already/actually going to Taiwan next year.
- 2010 August 22, Fiona Chan, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page 13:
- (Singlish, auxiliary) Used to emphasize that an action has been done.
- I got tell them just now.
- (Singlish, auxiliary) Marks the habitual aspect in the present or past tense.
- I got cook meals for them. ― I cook meals for them; I would cook meals for them (now and then or regularly).
- You got play badminton? ― Do you play badminton?
Derived terms
References
- Nomoto, Hiroki, Lee, Nala Huiying (2012) “Realis, factuality and derived-level statives: Perspectives from the analysis of Singlish got”, in Cahiers Chronos, volume 25, →ISSN, pages 219-239
Catalan
Etymology 1
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gottus, from Latin guttus. Cognate with Ladin got, Venetian goto, Italian gotto.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Latin Gothus.
Derived terms
- gòtic (“Gothic”)
Further reading
- “got”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Finnish
German Low German
See also
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch goot (“gutter”), from Middle Dutch gōte, from Old Dutch *gota, from Proto-Germanic *gutō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡɔt]
- Hyphenation: got
Noun
got (first-person possessive gotku, second-person possessive gotmu, third-person possessive gotnya)
Further reading
- “got” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ladin
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *gottus, from Latin guttus. Cognate with Catalan got, Venetian goto, Italian gotto.
Noun
got m (plural goc)
- (Gherdëina, Badiot) glass (drinking glass)
- Bever n got de lat.
- To drink a glass of milk.
Alternative forms
- taza (Fascian)
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch got, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
Further reading
- “got”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “god”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page god
Middle Low German
Etymology 1
From Old Saxon gōd, from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ô¹
- (originally) IPA(key): /ɣoːt/
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong declension | ||||
Masculine | gôt | gôden | gôdem(e) (gôdennote) | gôdes |
Neuter | gôt | |||
Feminine | gôde | gôder(e) | ||
Plural | gôde | gôden | gôder(e) | |
Weak declension | ||||
Masculine | gôde | gôden | gôden | |
Neuter | gôde | |||
Feminine | gôden | |||
Plural | gôden | |||
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. |
Descendants
- Low German: god
Etymology 2
From Old Saxon god, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣɔt/
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.
Inflection
The template Template:odt-decl-table does not use the parameter(s): head=gotPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Further reading
- “got”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.
Compare Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Old English god, Old Dutch got, Old Norse guð, Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌸 (guþ).
Declension
Polish
Etymology
Back-formation from gotyk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɔt/
- Rhymes: -ɔt
- Syllabification: got
- Homophone: Got
Declension
Romanian
Swedish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Swedish gotar. Doublet of gute. Compare origin of göt.
Declension
Declension of got | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | got | goten | goter | goterna |
Genitive | gots | gotens | goters | goternas |
References
- got in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- got in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- got in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- got in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡɔt/
Yola
Verb
got
- Alternative form of godth
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:
- Jaane got leigheen; shoo pleast aam all, fowe?.
- Joan set them a laughing, she pleased them all, how?
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 90
Zhuang
Etymology
From Proto-Tai *koːtᴰ (“to hug; to embrace”). Cognate with Thai กอด (gɔ̀ɔt), Lao ກອດ (kǭt), Shan ၵွတ်ႇ (kàut).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /koːt˧˥/
- Tone numbers: got7
- Hyphenation: got