< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xala

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Per Snoj and Trubačev, from Proto-Indo-European *ksōleh₂, *ksōlyeh₂, perhaps an action/resultant noun of *xalati (to wear out, to rag) + *-a or substantivized from the l-participle of Proto-Slavic *xati (to stagger, to reel; to be concerned), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (to mow). Trubačev further identifies this term with Etymology 2.

Noun

*xàla f[1]

  1. something torn, shattered, worn-out
  2. (via specialization) cheap cloth, rag
Alternative forms
  • *xalь (i-stem), *xaľa (jā-stem, in South Slavic)
Declension
Derived terms
  • *xalina, *xalica, *xalъka
  • >? *xalǫga, *xaliga (scrub, hedge, bundle)
  • >? *xalupa (cottage)
Descendants
  • East Slavic
    • Belarusian: халь f (xalʹ, rag)
    • Russian: хальё (xalʹjó, old dress) (dialectal)
      • Russian: хал (xal), ха́ловщина (xálovščina, junk, worthless stuff)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: chała (dialectal)
      • Polish: chalka, halka (overgarment)
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: chałë pl (rags)

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xala/*xalъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 12

References

  1. Snoj, Marko (2016) “halja”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si:Pslovan. *xa̋la, *xa̋l'a

Etymology 2

Unclear. Several proposed etymologies exist:

  • Based on sense “hail, blizzard, tempest”:
  • Based on sense “typhon, calamity”:
    • Native or borrowed expressive origin: Per M. Bjeletić[2], from *xaliti, *xalěti (to bash, to strike) + *-a or from Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō, to wreck havoc, to slacken) (whence Bulgarian хало́сам (halósam, to smack)).
    • Onomatopoeic origin: Per Iljinsky, possibly akin to semi-onomatopoeic *šalъ (intemperate, naughty), *šaliti (to play pranks, to infuriate). Favoured by Trubačev and Meljničuk (ESSJa).
    • Substantivized origin: Perhaps from a substantivization of *xalavъ (insatiable, gluttonous), *xalъkъ (insolent), related to the above hypothesis.
  • Based on sense “dragon” in Serbian and Macedonian:
    • Recent borrowing from Ottoman Turkish: According to early Serbo-Croatian philologists,[3] South Slavic term has developed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, spotted, variegated), euphemistic for ییلان (yılan, snake)[4]. Correspondances in other branches are presumably coincidental. Disputed on phonetical basis by Trubačev, Brückner, and some Serbo-Croatian linguists[5].

Skok does not exclude contamination of various sources.

Noun

*xala f[2]

  1. (Slavic mythology) tempest, blizzard, hail-bringer depicted as a serpentine or ichthyoid monster, as a stormy nebula, or personified as a witch
    Synonyms: *xmara, *vila
Declension
Derived terms
  • *xalętina, *xališče, *xalina (augmentative)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: халаве́й (xalavéj, gale, high wind; fig. empty-headed person) (dialectal) (< *xala + *vějь)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • >? Czech: chala, ochala (tall man, giant) (dialectal)
    • >? Slovincian: χała (large creature)
  • Non-Slavic:
    • Romanian: hală (mythical being, monster) (regional)

References

  1. Георгиева, Иваничка (1993) Българска народна митология (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Наука и изкуство, page 119
  2. Bjeletić, Marta (2004) “Јужнословенска лексика у балканском контексту. Лексичка породица именице хала”, in Balcanica (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 34, →ISSN, pages 143–146
  3. Knežević, Anton (1961) “Die Turzismen in der Sprache der Kroaten und Serben”, in Slavisch-Baltisches Seminar der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Westf.), volume 3
  4. Knüppel, Michael (2009) “Zu serbo-kroatisch hȁla ∼ ȁla ‘Drache’”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch (in German), volume 55, pages 179–183
  5. Radenković, Ljubinko (1996) “Митска бића српског народа: (Х)АЛА”, in Liceum 2, pages 11-16

Further reading

  • Skok, Petar (1971) “(h)ala”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 650
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