< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolěno
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Formed as **kol- + *-ěno, of disputed origin. Proposed etymologies include:
- From Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, rotate”)[1] or *kʷelh₁- (“to revolve”)[2]. Possibly, via s-extension, the origin of Latin collum (“neck”), Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, raise, lift”)[1], often claimed as the origin of Proto-Slavic *čelo (“forehead”) and (first part of) *čeľustь (“jaw”).
- Occassionally compared to Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos, “leg”), of disputed descent. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend, crook”).
Akin to Lithuanian kẽlis (“knee”), kelė́nas (“knee joint”) and Latvian celis (“knee”). Arguably, further related to Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “member, body part”), Ancient Greek κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, deformed”).
Secondary meaning “lineage” is sometimes considered unrelated, commonly linked with *čeľadь (“offsprings”) (collective) of uncertain origin. According to some interpretations, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”) (whence Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd, multitude”)).
Inflection
Declension of *kolě̀no (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kolě̀no | *kolě̀ně | *kolě̀na |
| genitive | *kolě̀na | *kolě̀nu | *kolě̀nъ |
| dative | *kolě̀nu | *kolě̀noma | *kolě̀nomъ |
| accusative | *kolě̀no | *kolě̀ně | *kolě̀na |
| instrumental | *kolě̀nъmь, *kolě̀nomь* | *kolě̀noma | *kolě̀nȳ |
| locative | *kolě̀ně | *kolě̀nu | *kolě̀ně̄xъ |
| vocative | *kolě̀no | *kolě̀ně | *kolě̀na |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *kolěniti, *kolěničiti (“to kneel”)
- *kolěnьce (diminutive)
- *kolěnьnъ, *kolěnьskъ
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “колено”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kolěno”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 132
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “коляно”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 565
- Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “Proto-Slavic/kolěno”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 329
- “kelis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kolě̀no”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 228: “n. o (a) ‘knee’”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kolẹ́no”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kolě̋no”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “kolěno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 149; PR 132)”
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