< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálas, cognate with Old Prussian kelan (“wheel”). Formally from Proto-Indo-European *kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-, from *kʷel- (“to turn”). Related to reduplicated o-stem *kʷékʷlos, whence Lithuanian kãklas (“neck”), Latvian kakls (“neck”).

Meillet explains the o-grade, which is uncommon in s-stem nouns, with the influence of a parallel o-grade instrumental noun reflected in Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “pole, axis”).

Noun

*kȍlo n[1][2][3]

  1. wheel
  2. circle
  3. (in the plural) wheeled vehicle

Declension
Declension of *kȍlo (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *kȍlo *kȍlesi *kolesà
genitive *kȍlese *kolesù *kolèsъ
dative *kȍlesi *kolesьmà *kolèsьmъ
accusative *kȍlo *kȍlesi *kolesà
instrumental *kȍlesьmь *kolesьmà *kolesý
locative *kȍlese *kolesù *kolèsьxъ
vocative *kȍlo *kȍlesi *kolesà

In some daughter languages, later reanalyzed as o-stem:

Declension of *kȍlo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *kȍlo *kȍlě *kolà
genitive *kȍla *kolù *kòlъ
dative *kȍlu *kolomà *kolòmъ
accusative *kȍlo *kȍlě *kolà
instrumental *kȍlъmь, *kȍlomь* *kolomà *kolý
locative *kȍlě *kolù *kolě̃xъ
vocative *kȍlo *kȍlě *kolà
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *obikoliti (“to get around”)
  • *okolo (“around, nearby”) (adverb)
    • *okolьje (“surroundings”), *okolovьrstьje (“circumference”)
  • *kolьce, *kolesьce (“ring, hoop”)
  • *kolařь (“wheelwright”)
  • *kolěja (“track, wheel-trail”)
  • *kolesьnъ, *kolьnъ (“related to wheel”)
    • *kolesьnica, *kolesъka (“chariot”)
    • *kolьnica (“cart”)
  • *kolo-
    • *kolodějь (“wheelwright”)
    • *kolomę (“circular stamp/press”)
    • *kolomazь, *kolomastь (“wheel wax”)
    • *kolotokъ (“wheel trajectory”)
    • *kolovirъ (“whirlpool”)
    • *kolovoďь (“cart-dragger”)
    • *kolovortъ (“circulation, cycle”)
    • *kolovozъ (“rut, wheel track”)

Descendants

Back-formations from *kolesà (plural):

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “колесо́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kolo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 141
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “коло”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 559

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kȍlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 229: “n. s ‘wheel’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kolo kolese”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 150; PR 138); d (RPT 85)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kolo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kȍlo, rod. *kȍlese”
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