< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ina

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ynė, -iena (< *-eināˀ < *-eyneh₂). Compare Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Suffix

*-ina f

  1. Denominal, forming collectives related to vital importance.
    *drugъ (“friend”) → *družina (“team, company”)
    *rodъ (“kin, tribe”) → *rodina (“people or land belonging to the family”)
  2. Denominal, forming collectives denoting names of trees, woods and bushes.
    *dervo (“wood”) → *dervina (“sticks, trees”)
    *dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbina (“oak forest”)
  3. (by extension) Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives.
    *berza (“birch”) → *berzovina (“birch forest; birch”)
    *zvěrь (“animal”) → *zvěrina (“animals, game; animal”)
  4. Deadjectival, denoting a property or a result.
    *bělъ (“white”) → *bělina (“whiteness”)
    *blizъ (“close”) → *blizina (“closeness”), *bližina (“closeness”)
    *jьstъ (“true”) → *jьstina (“truth”)
    *novъ (“new”) → *novina (“novelty”)
    *bystrъ (“rapid, fast”) → *bystrina (“cleverness, quickness in thought”)
    *tixъ (“silent”) → *tišina (“silence”)
    *glǫbokъ (“deep”) → *glǫbina (“depth”)
    *čistъ (“clear, pure”) → *čistina (“purity”)
  5. Denominal, miscellaneous uses.
    *dolъ (“valley, depression”) → *dolina (“valley”)
    *govędo (“ox”) → *govędina (“ox meat”)
    *agnę (“lamb”) → *agnętina (“lamb meat”)
    *bolto (“mud”) → *boltina, *boltovina (“swamp, marsh”)
  6. Denominal, for expressive formations, usually of augmentative and pejorative connotation.
    *golva (“head”) → *golvina
    *lupa (“shell, husk”) → *lupina
    *konьcь (“end”) → *konьčina
    *godъ → *godina (“the right time”)
  7. Denominal or deverbal, forming agentive and action nouns.
    *gostь, *gostiti → *gostina (“hospitality”)
    *brat(r)ъ, *brat(r)iti sę → *bratina, *bratrina (“fraternity”)

Declension
Declension of *-ina (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ina *-ině *-iny
genitive *-iny *-inu *-inъ
dative *-ině *-inama *-inamъ
accusative *-inǫ *-ině *-iny
instrumental *-inojǫ, *-inǫ** *-inama *-inami
locative *-ině *-inu *-inasъ, *-inaxъ*
vocative *-ino *-ině *-iny
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ina
Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-izna not found

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)
      • Belarusian: -іна (-ina)
      • Russian: -ина (-ina)
      • Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -ина (-ina)
      Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)
    • Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)
    • Macedonian: -ина (-ina)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -ина
      Latin script: -ina
    • Slovene: -ina
  • West Slavic:

References
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-ina”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 120
  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
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