< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čistъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skīstas, *skaistas, from Proto-Indo-European *skidtos (by Winter's law), *skoydtos, from *(s)keyd-.
Cognate with Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) and/or skáistas (“beautiful, pretty”), Latvian šķîsts (“thin, clear, clean”) and Old Prussian skijstan (“pure”).
Adjective
- clean, pure
- *čistъ [otъ] (with genitive) ― free from something
- *čistъ grěxa, čistъ otъ grěxa ― free from guilt
- *do čista ― completely, utterly
- *čista voda ― clear, transparent, uncontaminated water
- *čisto nebo ― clear sky, sunny, without clouds
- *čisto zolto ― pure gold
- *čisto sьrebro ― pure silver
- *čista pravьda ― evident, obvious truth
- *čisto sьrdьce ― pure heart, innocent heart
- *čisto polje ― open field
- *čistъ pǫtь ― clear path
- *čistъ [otъ] (with genitive) ― free from something
Declension
Accent paradigm a.
Indefinite declension of *čistъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čìstъ | *čìsta | *čìsto |
| genitive | *čìsta | *čìsty | *čìsta |
| dative | *čìstu | *čìstě | *čìstu |
| accusative | *čìstъ | *čìstǫ | *čìsto |
| instrumental | *čìstomь | *čìstojǫ | *čìstomь |
| locative | *čìstě | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| vocative | *čìste | *čìsto | *čìsto |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čìsta | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| genitive | *čìstu | *čìstu | *čìstu |
| dative | *čìstoma | *čìstama | *čìstoma |
| accusative | *čìsta | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| instrumental | *čìstoma | *čìstama | *čìstoma |
| locative | *čìstu | *čìstu | *čìstu |
| vocative | *čìsta | *čìstě | *čìstě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čìsti | *čìsty | *čìsta |
| genitive | *čìstъ | *čìstъ | *čìstъ |
| dative | *čìstomъ | *čìstamъ | *čìstomъ |
| accusative | *čìsty | *čìsty | *čìsta |
| instrumental | *čìsty | *čìstami | *čìsty |
| locative | *čìstěxъ | *čìstaxъ | *čìstěxъ |
| vocative | *čìsti | *čìsty | *čìsta |
Definite declension of *čistъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *čìstъjь | *čìstaja | *čìstoje |
| genitive | *čìstajego | *čìstyję̇ | *čìstajego |
| dative | *čìstujemu | *čìstěji | *čìstujemu |
| accusative | *čìstъjь | *čìstǫjǫ | *čìstoje |
| instrumental | *čìstyjimь | *čìstǫjǫ | *čìstyjimь |
| locative | *čìstějemь | *čìstěji | *čìstějemь |
| vocative | *čìstъjь | *čìstaja | *čìstoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čìstaja | *čìstěji | *čìstěji |
| genitive | *čìstuju | *čìstuju | *čìstuju |
| dative | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima |
| accusative | *čìstaja | *čìstěji | *čìstěji |
| instrumental | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima | *čìstyjima |
| locative | *čìstuju | *čìstuju | *čìstuju |
| vocative | *čìstaja | *čìstěji | *čìstěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *čìstiji | *čìstyję̇ | *čìstaja |
| genitive | *čìstъjixъ | *čìstъjixъ | *čìstъjixъ |
| dative | *čìstyjimъ | *čìstyjimъ | *čìstyjimъ |
| accusative | *čìstyję̇ | *čìstyję̇ | *čìstaja |
| instrumental | *čìstyjimi | *čìstyjimi | *čìstyjimi |
| locative | *čìstyjixъ | *čìstyjixъ | *čìstyjixъ |
| vocative | *čìstiji | *čìstyję̇ | *čìstaja |
Derived terms
- *čìstě, *čìsto (“clearly, purely”)
- *čìstiti (“to clean, purify”)
- *čìstota (“cleanness, purity”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чистый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čistъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 120
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*čistъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 204
- “skystas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čìstъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 90: “adj. o (a) ‘clean, pure’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “čistъ čista čisto”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 23, 123, 188, 199; PR 133; MP 22)”
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