< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/só
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
In earlier, animacy-based two-gender Proto-Indo-European, *so was the animate demonstrative. Once the gender system was established, *seh₂ was created using the feminine suffix *-h₂; *tod was the inanimate demonstrative in two-gender Proto-Indo-European and was later used as a neuter demonstrative.
Inflection
| Thematic pronominal | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *só | *séh₂ | |
| genitive | *tósyo | *tósyeh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *só | *tóh₁ | *tóy |
| accusative | *tóm | *tóh₁ | *tóms |
| genitive | *tósyo | *? | *tóysoHom |
| ablative | *tósmead | *? | *tóymos |
| dative | *tósmey | *? | *tóymos |
| locative | *tósmi | *? | *tóysu |
| instrumental | *tónoh₁ | *? | *tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *séh₂ | *? | *téh₂es |
| accusative | *tā́m | *? | *téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *tósyeh₂s | *? | *téh₂soHom |
| ablative | *tósyeh₂s | *? | *téh₂mos |
| dative | *tósyeh₂ey | *? | *téh₂mos |
| locative | *tósyeh₂ | *? | *téh₂su |
| instrumental | *téh₂(e)h₁ | *? | *téh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *tód | *tóy | *téh₂ |
| accusative | *tód | *tóy | *téh₂ |
| genitive | *tósyo | *? | *tóysoHom |
| ablative | *tósmead | *? | *tóymos |
| dative | *tósmey | *? | *tóymos |
| locative | *tósmi | *? | *tóysu |
| instrumental | *tónoh₁ | *? | *tṓys |
Derived terms
Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *só- not found
Descendants
- Albanian:
- Proto-Albanian: *te-k(u)
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: *դո- (*do-)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *so (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *sa, *þan, *þar, *þus, *þau (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *ho
- Proto-Italic: *sei (locative singular)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sá, *sáH, *tád (see there for further descendants)
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tal-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 366–367
- Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 179
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