Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₁-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*treh₁- (metathesized)

Root

*terh₁-[1]

to rub, turn
to drill, pierce

Extensions

*ter-kʷ-
*tr-ey-
- *tr-i-to-
  - Proto-Italic: *tritos
    - Latin: trītus (for expected tritus perhaps after trīvī)
- *tr-ey-ḱo-
  - Proto-Italic: *trīkos
    - Latin: trīcae
- *tr-ey-dʰlom
  - Proto-Italic: *treiðlom
    - Latin: trībulum, trībulō
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: triō
    - ⇒ Latin: septentriō (see there for further descendants)

*ter-g-
- Proto-Italic: *tergēō
  - Latin: tergō, tergeō

*tr-ey-gʷ-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τρῑ́βω (trī́bō)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τρίβος (tríbos)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τριβή (tribḗ)

*tr-eh₂-g-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τρώγω (trṓgō), τράγω (trágō), τράγος (trágos)

*tr-ew(H)-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τέρυ (téru), τρύω (trúō), ἄτρυτος (átrutos), τρῦμα (trûma), τρύ̄μη (trú̄mē), τρῡτάνη (trūtánē), τιτρώσκω (titrṓskō), τρώω (trṓō), τρῶσις (trôsis), τρῶμα (trôma)/τραῦμα (traûma)

*tr-ew-gʰ-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τρύχω (trúkhō)

*tr-ewH?-p-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τρῡπάω (trūpáō), τρύ̄πανον (trú̄panon), τρύ̄πη (trú̄pē)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₁-‎ (13 c, 0 e)

*terh₁- (root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *térˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *terti (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
  - Latin: terō (see there for further descendants)
*tér-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *téřřō
  - Ancient Greek: τείρω (teírō)
*tor-ó-
- Proto-Hellenic: *torós
  - Ancient Greek: τορός (torós)
*tór-o-
- Proto-Hellenic: *tóros
  - Ancient Greek: τόρος (tóros), τορεύς (toreús)
*tór-mo-s
- >? Proto-Germanic: *þarmaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tórmos
  - Ancient Greek: τόρμος (tórmos)
*tór-no-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *tórnos
  - Ancient Greek: τόρνος (tórnos)
*tr̥h₁-tó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *trētós
  - Ancient Greek: τρητός (trētós)
*térh₁-tro-m
- Proto-Celtic: *taratrom (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *téretron
  - Ancient Greek: τέρετρον (téretron)
*térh₁-dʰro-m
- Proto-Italic: *tereðrom
  - Latin: terebrum, terebra
*terh₁-t-s
- Proto-Italic: *terets
  - Latin: teres

From *treh₁-

*treh₁- (metathesized root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *þrēaną (see there for further descendants)
*treh₁-sḱe-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *þreskaną (see there for further descendants)
*tréh₁-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *trḗmə
  - Ancient Greek: τρῆμα (trêma)
    - → English: trema, -treme
    - → French: tréma
    - Greek: τρήμα (tríma)
*tréh₁-ti-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *trḗtis
  - Ancient Greek: τρῆσις (trêsis)
*tréh₁-tu-s ~ *tr̥h₁-téw-s
- Proto-Germanic: *þrēduz (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Armenian:
- Old Armenian: արածեմ (aracem), արաւտ (arawt) (possibly)
- Old Armenian: թուր (tʻur)
- Old Armenian: թրթուր (tʻrtʻur)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: τετραίνω (tetraínō)
Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Iranian: *tarH- (“to rub, wipe (?)”)[2]
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (prtr- /⁠pr-tr-⁠/, “to dry up, wipe off”), ܕܣܦܪܛܪ (ds-pr-tr, “handtowel”)
Italic:
- Latin: trūcta
  - → Albanian: troftë
  - Asturian: trucha
  - Catalan: truita
  - → English: trout
  - French: truite
  - Friulian: trute
  - Galician: troita
  - Italian: trota
  - Occitan: troita, trocha
  - Portuguese: truta
  - Romansch: truta
  - Sicilian: trota, trotta
  - Spanish: trucha
  - Venetian: truta

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382