Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þreskaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*þreskwaną

Etymology

Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, turn”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθres.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þreskaną

to thresh

Inflection

Conjugation of *þreskaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þreskō	*þreskaų	—	*þreskai	?
2nd singular	*þriskizi	*þreskaiz	*þresk	*þreskazai	*þreskaizau
3rd singular	*þriskidi	*þreskai	*þreskadau	*þreskadai	*þreskaidau
1st dual	*þreskōz	*þreskaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þreskadiz	*þreskaidiz	*þreskadiz	—	—
1st plural	*þreskamaz	*þreskaim	—	*þreskandai	*þreskaindau
2nd plural	*þriskid	*þreskaid	*þriskid	*þreskandai	*þreskaindau
3rd plural	*þreskandi	*þreskain	*þreskandau	*þreskandai	*þreskaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þrask	*þruskį̄
2nd singular	*þrast	*þruskīz
3rd singular	*þrask	*þruskī
1st dual	*þruskū	*þruskīw
2nd dual	*þruskudiz	*þruskīdiz
1st plural	*þruskum	*þruskīm
2nd plural	*þruskud	*þruskīd
3rd plural	*þruskun	*þruskīn

	present	past
participles	*þreskandz	*þruskanaz

Derived terms

*þreskwaþluz

Descendants

Old English: þersċan, þresċan, þrexan
- Middle English: threshen, thresshen, threschen, thrasshen
  - Scots: thresch, thrash
  - English: thresh, thrash
Old Frisian: *therska
- North Frisian: seenk (Amrum)
- Saterland Frisian: täärske
- West Frisian: terskje
Old Saxon: *threskan, *therskan
- Middle Low German: derschen, dorschen
  - Low German: döschen
Frankish: *threskan
Old Dutch: *threscan
- Middle Dutch: derschen
  - Dutch: dorsen
    - Afrikaans: dors
- → Vulgar Latin: *trescāre
  - Old French: trescher, treschier
  - Italian: trescare
Old High German: dreskan
- Middle High German: dreschen, dröschen, treschen, tröschen
  - German: dreschen
  - Luxembourgish: dreschen
  - Yiddish: דרעשן (dreshn)
Old Norse: þreskja
- Icelandic: þreskja
- Faroese: treskja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: treskja, treska (dialectal) tryskja, trøskja, trøska, treiskje, trùska
- Norwegian Bokmål: treske
- Old Swedish: þriska, þryskja
  - Swedish: tröska
- Danish: tærske, tæske
Gothic: 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan)
- → Vulgar Latin: *triscāre
  - Galician: triscar
  - Portuguese: triscar
  - Spanish: triscar
→ Proto-Finnic: *rehkidäk (see there for further descendants)

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