< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyḱ-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meyk-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *mey- (“to change”).

Root

*meyḱ- or *meyǵ-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

  1. to mix

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meyḱ-‎ (14 c, 0 e)
  • *méyḱ-t ~ *miḱ-ént (root aorist)[2][5]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἔμῐκτο (émikto), ἔμειξᾰ (émeixa)
  • *miḱ-sḱé-ti (*sḱé- inchoative present)[1][2][3][5][6][7]
    • Proto-Celtic: *miskati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *miskijaną (< *mihsk-) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *miśćáti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *miśćáti
        • Sanskrit: मिच्छति (miccháti, “to agitate”)
          • ⇒ Sanskrit: मिच्छमान (micchámāna, “agitated”, present mediopassive participle)
      • Proto-Iranian: *āmayxš-, *wimayxš- (< *meyǵ-)
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾ(ʾ)myxs-, “to be mixed”) (Manichaean), [script needed] (gwmyxs-, “to be mixed, mingled”) (Manichaean)
        • Parthian: [script needed] (ʾmyxs-, “to be mixed with”), [script needed] (wmyxs-, “to be mixed”)
        • Sogdian: [script needed] (wmxsk)
    • Proto-Italic: *mikskō
      • Latin: misceō (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *miḱ-sḱ-
      • *miḱ-sḱ-ó/éh₂- (deverbative from the present)[11][12]
      • *moyḱ-sḱ-o/eh₂- (o-grade deverbative from the present)[11]
        • Proto-Germanic: *maiskaz (“mixture”), *maiskō (“mixture”), *maiską (“mixture”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *moyḱ-éye- (causative)[2][8][9]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *máiśīˀtei (see there for further descendants)
  • *méyḱ-s- (*s- desiderative)[2][5]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: μείξω (meíxō, “will mix”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mayćšáyati
  • *meyḱ-ye- (innovative *ye- present)[2][10]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: miēši (“dilute, mix, ferment, sweeten”)
  • *mi-né-ḱ- (innovative *né- present)[2]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: mìšti
  • *mi-néw-ḱ- (innovative *new- present)[2][5]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: μείγνῡμῐ (meígnūmi), μῐ́γνῡμῐ (mígnūmi)
        • Greek: μιγνύω (mignýo)
  • *méyḱ-tis[11]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *miśtis
      • Lithuanian: mìšti
    • Proto-Hellenic: *míktis
      • Ancient Greek: μῐ́ξῐς (míxis, “mixing”) (also μῖξῐς (mîxis) and μεῖξῐς (meîxis) by analogy)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *míštiš
      • Proto-Iranian: *míštiš
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mišti, “confusedly”)
  • *miḱ-rós[11]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *miśras
      • Lithuanian: mìšras (“mixed”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mićrás (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mayȷ́-
      • Proto-Iranian: *āmayj-, *Hwimayȷ́-
        • (possibly) Ossetian:
          • Digor Ossetian: ызмис (yzmis, “sand”)
          • Iron Ossetian: ӕзменсӕ (æzmensæ, “sand”)
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾmyc- /⁠āmēz-⁠/, “to mix”), [script needed] (gwmyc- /⁠gumēz-⁠/, “to mix, mingle”), [script needed] (ʾmyc /⁠āmiz⁠/, “a certain dish containing game meat”, literally “mixture”),[4] [script needed] (ʾ(ʾ)myz-, “to mix”) (Manichaean) (see there for further descendants)
          • Persian: آمیختن (âmixtan, “to mix”), آمیغ (âmeğ, “mixture”)
        • Parthian: [script needed] (ʾmyj- /⁠āmēž-⁠/, “to mix”)
        • Proto-Kurdish:
          • Central Kurdish: ئامێژەن (amêjen, “mixing”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 714, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 714
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 428
  3. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 261
  4. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ամիճ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μείγνυμι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 919-920
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*miskan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
  7. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “misceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
  8. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
  9. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 313
  10. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
  11. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 481-482
  12. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 273
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