< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/miskijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From earlier *mihsk-, from Proto-Indo-European *miḱ-sḱé- (*sḱé- inchoative present) (whence Latin misceō (“mix”), Ancient Greek μίσγω (mísgō, “mix”)), from *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix, knead”). Cognate with *maiskaz, *maiskō (“mixture”), Old Irish mescaid (“mix”), Sanskrit मेक्षयति (mekṣáyati, “to mingle, mix”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈmis.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*miskijaną

  1. to mix, combine

Inflection
Conjugation of *miskijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *miskijō*miskijaų—*miskijai ?
2nd singular *miskīsi*miskijais*miskī*miskijasai*miskijaisau
3rd singular *miskīþi*miskijai*miskijaþau*miskijaþai*miskijaiþau
1st dual *miskijōs*miskijaiw———
2nd dual *miskijaþiz*miskijaiþiz*miskijaþiz——
1st plural *miskijamaz*miskijaim—*miskijanþai*miskijainþau
2nd plural *miskīþ*miskijaiþ*miskīþ*miskijanþai*miskijainþau
3rd plural *miskijanþi*miskijain*miskijanþau*miskijanþai*miskijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *miskidǭ*miskidēdį̄
2nd singular *miskidēz*miskidēdīz
3rd singular *miskidē*miskidēdī
1st dual *miskidēdū*miskidēdīw
2nd dual *miskidēdudiz*miskidēdīdiz
1st plural *miskidēdum*miskidēdīm
2nd plural *miskidēdud*miskidēdīd
3rd plural *miskidēdun*miskidēdīn
present past
participles *miskijandz*miskidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *miskijan, *miskōn
    • Old English: *mixian, miscian
      • Middle English: mixen (attested in myxyd (past participle))
    • Old Frisian: *miskia
      • Saterland Frisian: miskje
      • West Frisian: mjuksje
    • Old Saxon: *misken, *miskōn
    • Frankish: *misken, *miscen; *misklōn; *misklinga
      • Old Dutch: misken
        • Middle Dutch: mischen, misschen
          • Dutch: (obsolete) misschen, (dialectal) missen, miesjen, meisjen
          • Limburgish: miesje
          • ⇒ Middle Dutch: misschelen
            • Dutch: (obsolete) misschelen, misselen
      • →⇒ Old French: meslinges, meslance (likely, due to the fossilised germanic suffix appended to this word)
    • Old High German: miskian, misgēn, miskēn; miscilōn, miskilōn, miskelōn

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*miskan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370
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