-ül

See also: ül, uel, and Appendix:Variations of "ul"

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

Suffix
preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L		 -ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ül

  1. Form of -il after the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.
    ‎döymək (“to beat”) + ‎-ül → ‎döyülmək (“to get beaten”)
    ‎tökmək (“to pour”) + ‎-ül → ‎tökülmək (“to fall out, get spilled”)

Derived terms

See -il.

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [yl]

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ül

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form a middle-voice verb. It is similar to -edik.
    ‎zöld (“green”) + ‎-ül → ‎zöldül (“to become (more) green”)
    ‎szép (“beautiful”) + ‎-ül → ‎szépül (“to become (more) beautiful”)
Usage notes
  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    ‎drága (“expensive”) + ‎-ul → ‎drágul (“to get more expensive”)
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped.
    ‎gyenge (“weak”) + ‎-ül → ‎gyengül (“to weaken”)
Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ül

Suffix

-ül (essive-modal case suffix)

  1. (essive sense) as, with the intention of (front-vowel variant of -ul)
    Synonyms: -ként, -képp/-képpen, (stating the capacity) mint
    ‎meglepetés (“surprise”) + ‎-ül → ‎meglepetésül (“as a surprise”)
    ‎vég (“end”) + ‎-ül → ‎végül (“finally, eventually”, literally “as an/the end”)
  2. (modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb.
    ‎feltétlen (“unconditional, definite”) + ‎-ül → ‎feltétlenül (“unconditionally, definitely”)
    ‎török (“Turkish”) + ‎-ül → ‎törökül (“in Turkish”)
Usage notes
  • (essive-modal case suffix) Variants:
    -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú		 Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í		 rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma — almában, but almaként
    zene ― zenében, but zeneként
Derived terms
Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -ül

See also
  • Category:Hungarian verbs taking -ul/-ül
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Turkish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [yl]

Suffix
preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
except after L		 -ıl -il -ul -ül
after L -ın -in -un -ün
postvocalic -n

-ül

  1. Form of -il after the vowels Ö / Ü and a consonant other than L.
    ‎dövmek (“to beat”) + ‎-ül → ‎dövülmek (“to get beaten”)
    ‎dökmek (“to pour”) + ‎-ül → ‎dökülmek (“to fall out, get spilled”)

Derived terms

See -il.

Volapük

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [yl]

Suffix

-ül

  1. offspring, young (of an animal), young organism (animal or plant) (e.g., torül = young bull, bullock; kunül = young cow, heifer; lupül = wolf cub)
  2. Hypocoristic or used to denote affection for the noun. (e.g., Samül = Sammy)

Usage notes
  • In many languages, the diminutive form of a word can also be used to denote not (just) littleness but (also) affection or intimacy (for the word's referent), whereas in Volapük this secondary meaning of the diminutive is split off, since Volapük attempts, somewhat like Lojban, to avoid polysemy.

Derived terms
Volapük terms suffixed with -ül

See also
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