骨力

Chinese

Etymology 1

		bone	power; force; strength
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. ^#(骨力)		骨	力

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔlì

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat¹ lik⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kut-le̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔlì
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔlì
  - Wade–Giles: ku³-li⁴
  - Yale: gǔ-lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guulih
  - Palladius: гули (guli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    古力
    古麗／古丽
    穀粒／谷粒
    股利
    骨力
    鼓勵／鼓励
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwat¹ lik⁶
  - Yale: gwāt lihk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁷ lik⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gued¹ lig⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚⁵ lɪk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kut-li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kutlek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ liɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: kwot lik

Rime
Character	骨	力
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	沒 (56)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古忽切	林直切
Baxter	kwot	lik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuət̚/	/lɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuot̚/	/lɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuət̚/	/liek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwət̚/	/lik̚/
Li Rong	/kuət̚/	/liək̚/
Wang Li	/kuət̚/	/lĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuət̚/	/li̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat¹	lik⁶

Noun

骨力

Etymology 2

		phonetic
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. ^#(骨力)		骨	力
alternative forms		骨立

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Manchu guli (團結)?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gúli

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gúli
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˊ ˙ㄌㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gúli̊
  - Wade–Giles: ku²-li⁵
  - Yale: gú-li
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwu.li
  - Palladius: гули (guli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵ li³/

Adjective

骨力

(dialectal Mandarin) vigorous; sturdy
(dialectal Mandarin) hard and level

Etymology 3

		bone	power; force; strength
trad. (骨力)		骨	力
simp. ^#(骨力)		骨	力
alternative forms		搰力勤力

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kut-la̍t

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kut-la̍t
  - Tâi-lô: kut-la̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kutlat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚⁵⁻²⁴ lat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚³²⁻⁵ lat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚³²⁻⁴ lat̚⁴/

Adjective

骨力

(Hokkien, Puxian Min) hardworking

Synonyms

亹亹 (wěiwěi) (literary)
刻苦 (kèkǔ)
力落 (Teochew)
努力 (nǔlì)
勤力 (qínlì) (literary or Cantonese)
勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
勤勞／勤劳 (qínláo)
勤奮／勤奋 (qínfèn)
勤快 (qínkuài) (informal)
勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn) (diligent and conscientious)
勤謹／勤谨 (Dungan)
堅苦／坚苦 (jiānkǔ) (hardworking and persevering)
巴劫 (bājié) (literary)
巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē) (regional)
急計／急计 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
用功 (yònggōng)
發狠／发狠 (fa³ hen⁶) (Xiang)
耐勞／耐劳 (nàiláo)

References

“Entry #6829”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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