閩

See also: 闽
閩 U+95A9, 閩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95A9
← 閨
[U+95A8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 閪 →
[U+95AA]

Translingual

Han character

閩 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 日弓中一戈 (ANLMI), four-corner 77136, composition ⿵門虫)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1335, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41315
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1841, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4295, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+95A9

Chinese
trad. 閩
simp. 闽
alternative forms 𨷷

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蔄 *roːs, *mruːns
闅 *min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩 *mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄 *mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門 *mɯːn
捫 *mɯːn
悶 *mɯːns
聞 *mɯn, *mɯns
閿 *mɯn
問 *mɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017).

Etymology

Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT.

In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).

Pronunciation

Note: man4 - uncommon.
Note:
  • bân - vernacular;
  • bîn - literary.
Rime
Character 閩 閩
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 眞 (44) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 武巾切 無分切
Baxter min mjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠiɪn/ /mɨun/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚin/ /miun/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mien/ /miuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mjin/ /mun/
Li
Rong		 /mjĕn/ /miuən/
Wang
Li		 /mǐĕn/ /mĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ĕn/ /mi̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mín wén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 man4 man4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 閩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mǐn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ min ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mrə[n]/
English southern tribes

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 閩 閩
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 8956 8966
Phonetic
component		 門 門
Rime
group		 文 文
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 珉 文
Old
Chinese		 /*mrɯn/ /*mɯn/

Definitions

閩

  1. (historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group)
  2. (～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China)
  3. Fujian
    閩南／闽南  ―  mǐnnán  ―  southern Fujian
    閩西／闽西  ―  mǐnxī  ―  western Fujian
    閩菜／闽菜  ―  mǐncài  ―  Fujian cuisine
  4. (～語, ～方言) Min languages
  5. a surname

Compounds

See also

Japanese

Kanji
閩

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Proper noun
Kanji in this term
閩
びん
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

閩(びん) • (Bin) 

  1. Min, one of the w:Ten Kingdoms of China

Korean

Hanja

閩 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)

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Vietnamese

Han character

閩: Hán Nôm readings: mân

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