金石

Chinese
metal; gold; money rock; stone; 10 pecks
simp. and trad.
(金石)		 金 石

Pronunciation

Note: gim1 zioh8 - "Jinshi" (Chaoyang accent).
Rime
Character 金 石
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 清 (123)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 居吟切 常隻切
Baxter kim dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiɪm/ /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚim/ /d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiem/ /d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kjim/ /d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /kjəm/ /ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /kĭĕm/ /ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯əm/ /ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīn shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gam1 sik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 金 石
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīn shí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kim › ‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k(r)[ə]m/ /*dAk/
English metal, bronze stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 金 石
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6679 11470
Phonetic
component		 金 石
Rime
group		 侵 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 金 石
Old
Chinese		 /*krɯm/ /*djaɡ/
Notes 說文今聲，俞敏依金文非之

Noun

金石

  1. metal and stone
  2. inscriptions on ancient bronzes and stone tablets
  3. (music) bells and chime stones used in ancient Chinese music
  4. (figurative) hardness and strength; adamant

Derived terms
  • 心如金石
  • 擲地作金石聲／掷地作金石声
  • 精誠所加，金石為虧／精诚所加，金石为亏
  • 精誠所至，金石為開／精诚所至，金石为开 (jīngchéngsuǒzhì, jīnshíwéikāi)
  • 金石不渝
  • 金石之盟
  • 金石之言
  • 金石交
  • 金石例
  • 金石城 (Jīnshíchéng)
  • 金石奏
  • 金石學／金石学 (jīnshíxué)
  • 金石文
  • 金石文字記／金石文字记
  • 金石為開／金石为开
  • 金石索
  • 金石絲竹／金石丝竹 (jīnshísīzhú)
  • 金石聲／金石声
  • 金石至交
  • 金石良言 (jīnshíliángyán)
  • 金石萃編／金石萃编
  • 金石語／金石语
  • 金石錄／金石录

Proper noun

金石

  1. (～鎮) Jinshi (a town in Chao'an district, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
金 石
きん
Grade: 1		 せき
Grade: 1
kan’on

From Chinese 金石 (jīnshí).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kʲĩɰ̃se̞kʲi]

Noun

金(きん)石(せき) • (kinseki) 

  1. [from 9th century] metal and stone, mineral
  2. (figurative, by extension) (something) very strong, hard
    金石(きんせき)の交(まじ)わり
    kinseki no majiwari
    a rock-solid relationship
  3. [from 11th century] a metal or stone vessel; (especially) a musical instrument made of gold or stone, such as a bell or qing (Chinese stone chime)
  4. [from 19th century] a message to posterity engraved in metal or stone; an inscription

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
金 石
かな
Grade: 1		 いし
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Superficially of 金(かな) (kana, “metal”) + 石(いし) (ishi, “stone”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ka̠na̠iɕi]

Noun

金(かな)石(いし) • (kanaishi) 

  1. (regional, Chiba prefecture) andesite (volcanic rock of intermediate composition)
    Synonym: (standard) 安山岩 (anzangan)
  2. (regional, Nagano to Kyoto prefecture) a stone, a rock
  3. (regional, Shizuoka prefecture) native copper, copper mineral
    Synonym: (standard) 自然銅 (shizendō)
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