超越

Chinese

		to exceed; overtake; surpass to exceed; overtake; surpass; transcend; ultra-; super-; to pass; to cross	to exceed; to climb over; to surpass to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more
simp. and trad. (超越)		超	越

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chāoyuè

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄠㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu¹ jyut⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhêu-ye̍t / chhêu-ya̍t
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiau-oa̍t / thiau-oa̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiou³ uêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chāoyuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄠㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chaoyuè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻao¹-yüeh⁴
  - Yale: chāu-ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chauyueh
  - Palladius: чаоюэ (čaojue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu¹ jyut⁶
  - Yale: chīu yuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu¹ jyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu¹ yud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhêu-ye̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ceu´ ied
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ceu¹ yad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhêu-ya̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: ceu´ (r)iad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ceu¹ yad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯at̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-oa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: tshiau-ua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiau'oat
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ uat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiau³³ uat̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² uat̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiau-oa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: thiau-ua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiau'oat
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² uat̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiou³ uêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiòu ue̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ uek̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: trhjew hjwot

Rime
Character	超	越
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	敕宵切	王伐切
Baxter	trhjew	hjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰˠiᴇu/	/ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰᵚiɛu/	/ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰiæu/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰiaw/	/ɦuat̚/
Li Rong	/ȶʰjɛu/	/ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭɛu/	/ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯ɛu/	/i̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāo	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu¹	jyut⁶

Verb

超越

to exceed; to surpass; to transcend; to surmount
to overstep the bounds; to go beyond one's role
to fly across; to jump over; to pass

Synonyms

(to exceed):

出乎 (chūhū)
勝過／胜过 (shèngguò)
強似／强似 (qiángsì) (formal)
強過／强过 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
愈 (yù) (formal)
蓋／盖 (literary)
蓋過／盖过 (Hakka)
賽過／赛过 (sàiguò)
超 (chāo)
越出 (yuèchū)
超出 (chāochū)
越過／越过 (yuèguò)
超過／超过 (chāoguò)
跨越 (kuàyuè)
軼越／轶越 (yìyuè) (literary)
逾越 (yúyuè)
開過／开过 (kāiguò) (Beijing Mandarin)

Adjective

超越

(mathematics) transcendental
超越數／超越数 ― chāoyuèshù ― transcendental number
- 兩個元素x1，x2∈A在K上代數無關，當且僅當x1在K上是超越的，並且x2在K(x1)上也是超越的。 [MSC, trad.]
  两个元素x1，x2∈A在K上代数无关，当且仅当x1在K上是超越的，并且x2在K(x1)上也是超越的。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2003, 朱尧辰 (Zhu Yaochen), 徐广善 (Xu Guangshan), 《超越数引论》 [Introduction to Transcendental Number]
  Liǎng ge yuánsù x1, x2 ∈ A zài K shàng dàishùwúguān, dāngqiějǐndāng x1 zài K shàng shì chāoyuè de, bìngqiě x2 zài K(x1)shàng yěshì chāoyuè de. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Antonyms

代數／代数 (dàishù)

Derived terms

超越函數／超越函数 (chāoyuè hánshù)
超越性 (chāoyuèxìng)
超越數／超越数 (chāoyuèshù)
超越方程 (chāoyuè fāngchéng)
超越次數／超越次数 (chāoyuè cìshù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (超越):

→ Japanese: 超越(ちょうえつ) (chōetsu)
→ Korean: 초월(超越) (chowol)
→ Vietnamese: siêu việt (超越)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
超	越
ちょう Grade: S	えつ Grade: S
on’yomi	kan’on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 超越 (MC trhjew hjwot).

First cited to a text from roughly 1111.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーえつ [chòóétsú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːe̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

超(ちょう)越(えつ) • (chōetsu) ^{←てうゑつ (tewetu)^?}

transcendence

Synonyms

卓絶(たくぜつ) (takuzetsu)
卓越(たくえつ) (takuetsu)

Verb

超(ちょう)越(えつ)する • (chōetsu suru) ^{←てうゑつ (tewetu)^?}transitive suru (stem 超(ちょう)越(えつ)し (chōetsu shi), past 超(ちょう)越(えつ)した (chōetsu shita))

to transcend something
to rise above something, to keep oneself aloof from something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "超越する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	超越し	ちょうえつし	chōetsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	超越し	ちょうえつし	chōetsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	超越する	ちょうえつする	chōetsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	超越する	ちょうえつする	chōetsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	超越すれ	ちょうえつすれ	chōetsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	超越せよ¹ 超越しろ²	ちょうえつせよ¹ ちょうえつしろ²	chōetsu seyo¹ chōetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	超越される	ちょうえつされる	chōetsu sareru
Causative	超越させる超越さす	ちょうえつさせるちょうえつさす	chōetsu saseru chōetsu sasu
Potential	超越できる	ちょうえつできる	chōetsu dekiru
Volitional	超越しよう	ちょうえつしよう	chōetsu shiyō
Negative	超越しない	ちょうえつしない	chōetsu shinai
Negative continuative	超越せず	ちょうえつせず	chōetsu sezu
Formal	超越します	ちょうえつします	chōetsu shimasu
Perfective	超越した	ちょうえつした	chōetsu shita
Conjunctive	超越して	ちょうえつして	chōetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	超越すれば	ちょうえつすれば	chōetsu sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
超	越

Noun

超越 • (chowol) (hangeul 초월)

Hanja form^? of 초월 (“transcendency, transcendence”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
超	越

Adjective

超越

chữ Hán form of siêu việt (“transcendent”).

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[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN