See also:
U+8CD2, 賒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CD2

[U+8CD1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8CD3]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 154, +7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月金人一火 (BCOMF), four-corner 68891, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 49736
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3642, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+8CD2

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𧴳

𧶟

Glyph origin

Originally written as , which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hljaː) : semantic (shell) + phonetic (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit.

In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声) with phonetic component (MC syaeX|syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized.

The current form appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声) with phonetic component that is similar-sounding to the character.

Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (to change, exchange, buy) (whence also (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007).

(OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *; (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.).

Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014)

Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, to borrow, to lend, to hire).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (26)
Final () (100)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter syae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕia/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕia/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕia/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕia/
Li
Rong
/ɕia/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯a/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
se1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shē
Middle
Chinese
‹ syae ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥A/
English trade on credit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15753
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljaː/
Notes

Definitions

  1. to buy and sell on credit
       shēzhàng   to buy or sell on credit
  2. to forgive
  3. distant; far
  4. (of time) long; long-standing
  5. sparse; rare
  6. slow

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: xa ()

References

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • On (unclassified): しゃ (sha)

Tày

Verb

(xa)

  1. Nôm form of xa (to search, to look for).
    𫢋嗺燕九重𫠯
    Vủt xoi ẻn cửu túng lồng xa
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: xa
: Nôm readings: xa

  1. far
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