衙門

See also: 衙门

Chinese

	office; yamen	opening; door; gate opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division
trad. (衙門)	衙	門
simp. (衙门)	衙	门
alternative forms	牙門／牙门

Etymology

Originally written as 牙門／牙门 (yámén). See 衙 (yá) for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yámen, yámén

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄣ, ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄣˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ямын (i͡amɨn, I-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaa⁴ mun^4-2, ngaa⁴ mun⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): nga⁴ miin
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngà-mùn
Eastern Min (BUC): ngà-muòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gê-mn̂g / gêe-mûi / gâ-bûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghê⁵ meng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yámen
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yáme̊n
  - Wade–Giles: ya²-mên⁵
  - Yale: yá-men
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya.men
  - Palladius: ямэнь (jamɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä³⁵ mən³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yámén
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yámén
  - Wade–Giles: ya²-mên²
  - Yale: yá-mén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yamen
  - Palladius: ямэнь (jamɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä³⁵ mən³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ямын (i͡amɨn, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia²⁴ məŋ⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaa⁴ mun^4-2, ngaa⁴ mun⁴
  - Yale: ngàh mún, ngàh mùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa⁴ mun^4-2, ngaa⁴ mun⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: nga⁴ mun^4-2, nga⁴ mun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaː²¹ muːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /ŋaː²¹ muːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nga⁴ miin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa³⁵ mɨn²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà-mùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ munˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nga² mun²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋa¹¹ mun¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà-muòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa⁵³⁻³³ muoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gê-mn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: gê-mn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gemngg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡe²³⁻³³ mŋ̍²³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡe²⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡe²⁴⁻²² mŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gêe-mûi
  - Tâi-lô: gêe-muî
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɛ¹³⁻²² muĩ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâ-bûn
  - Tâi-lô: gâ-bûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ga'buun
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ɡa²⁴⁻²² bun²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghê⁵ meng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gê mṳ̂ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡe⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mɯŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: ngae mwon

Rime
Character	衙	門
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	五加切	莫奔切
Baxter	ngae	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠa/	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚa/	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋa/	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨ/	/mwən/
Li Rong	/ŋa/	/muən/
Wang Li	/ŋa/	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋa/	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yá	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaa⁴	mun⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁə[r]/
English	gate, door
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	衙	門
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	13136	8960
Phonetic component	五	門
Rime group	魚	文
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	牙	門
Old Chinese	/*ŋraː/	/*mɯːn/
Notes	秦地又牙分化字

Noun

衙門

(historical) yamen
- 1853, 陳逢衡 [Chen Fengheng; Chin Hōkō], edited by 荒木謇, 𠸄咭唎紀略 [Yingjili jilüe; Egeresu kiryaku], page 11:
  
  其男一律好司管理各衙門事件額設大小官四百二十六員。一吧哩滿衙門額設官二員。一加蜜列岡色爾衙門辦事十二員。一占色利衙門審理案件額設大小官十四員。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  其男一律好司管理各衙门事件额设大小官四百二十六员。一吧哩满衙门额设官二员。一加蜜列冈色尔衙门办事十二员。一占色利衙门审理案件额设大小官十四员。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  Qí nán yīlǜ hǎosī guǎnlǐ gè yámén shìjiàn éshè dàxiǎoguān sìbǎi'èrshíliù yuán. Yī Balimǎn yámén éshè guān èr yuán. Yī Jiāmìliè Gāngsè'ěr yámén bànshì shí'èr yuán. Yī Zhànsèlì yámén shěnlǐ ànjiàn éshè dàxiǎoguān shísì yuán. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Dungan) office; bureau

Synonyms

(yamen): 公廳／公厅 (gōngtīng), 官衙 (guānyá)

Descendants

→ English: yamen, yamun
→ Guiqiong: jɐ’mɛn
→ Manchu: ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ (yamun)
→ Mongolian: яам (jaam)
→ Russian: ямэ́нь (jamɛ́nʹ)

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